1. Who is considered the ‘Father of Vocational Guidance’?
A. Carl Rogers
B. E.G. Williamson
C. Frank Parsons
D. John Dewey
Answer: C
Explanation: Frank Parsons is known as the father of vocational guidance. He founded the Boston Vocational Bureau in 1908.
2. The founder of non-directive (client-centered) counselling is—
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Carl Rogers
C. Adler
D. Watson
Answer: B
Explanation: Carl Rogers developed the non-directive counselling approach where the client takes the lead in problem-solving.
3. Who developed the directive counselling approach?
A. Carl Rogers
B. E.G. Williamson
C. John Dewey
D. Thorndike
Answer: B
Explanation: E.G. Williamson is the pioneer of directive counselling, also known as the counselor-centered approach.
4. Who is regarded as the originator of psychoanalytic counselling?
A. Carl Jung
B. Adler
C. Skinner
D. Sigmund Freud
Answer: D
Explanation: Sigmund Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and is considered the father of psychoanalytic counselling.
5. The founder of the rational-emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) is—
A. Albert Ellis
B. Carl Jung
C. Carl Rogers
D. Adler
Answer: A
Explanation: Albert Ellis developed REBT, a cognitive-behavioral approach to counselling focused on replacing irrational beliefs.
6. Who pioneered the eclectic counselling approach?
A. Carl Rogers
B. Albert Ellis
C. Thorne
D. E.G. Williamson
Answer: C
Explanation: Thorne advocated for the eclectic approach, combining elements from both directive and non-directive counselling.
7. The guidance movement began in which country?
A. Germany
B. India
C. United States
D. France
Answer: C
Explanation: The formal guidance movement began in the USA in the early 20th century, led by Frank Parsons.
8. Who is known for founding Adlerian counselling (Individual Psychology)?
A. Carl Rogers
B. Alfred Adler
C. Jung
D. Watson
Answer: B
Explanation: Alfred Adler introduced Individual Psychology, emphasizing social interest and goal-directed behavior.
9. The concept of career development theory was introduced by—
A. Super
B. Freud
C. Parsons
D. Rogers
Answer: A
Explanation: Donald Super developed the Career Development Theory, emphasizing career as a lifelong process.
10. The father of behaviour therapy is considered to be—
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Freud
C. Ellis
D. Carl Rogers
Answer: A
Explanation: B.F. Skinner, a leading behaviorist, is associated with operant conditioning and behavior therapy techniques.
11. Who introduced the concept of the “three-part theory of vocational guidance”?
A. Carl Rogers
B. Frank Parsons
C. Williamson
D. Super
Answer: B
Explanation: Frank Parsons proposed a three-part method: understanding the self, knowledge of careers, and matching the two.
12. The developer of transactional analysis (TA) is—
A. Berne
B. Rogers
C. Skinner
D. Freud
Answer: A
Explanation: Eric Berne developed Transactional Analysis, which analyzes interpersonal communication.
13. The proponent of Gestalt therapy is—
A. Carl Jung
B. Fritz Perls
C. Albert Ellis
D. Carl Rogers
Answer: B
Explanation: Gestalt therapy developed by Fritz Perls, Laura Perls and Paul Goodman in the 1940s and 1950s, and was first described in the 1951 book Gestalt Therapy.
14. The counselling approach that emphasizes empathy, genuineness, and unconditional positive regard was developed by—
A. Freud
B. Ellis
C. Rogers
D. Adler
Answer: C
Explanation: Carl Rogers emphasized the importance of these three core conditions in client-centered counselling.
15. Who introduced the concept of guidance services in Indian schools?
A. S. N. Mukerjee
B. J. M. Kumarappa
C. D. Gopalan
D. NCTE
Answer: A
Explanation: Dr. S.N. Mukerjee played a pioneering role in introducing guidance services in Indian education.
16. The psycho-social theory of development, which is relevant in guidance and counselling, was given by—
A. Erik Erikson
B. Carl Jung
C. Adler
D. Ellis
Answer: A
Explanation: Erik Erikson proposed eight stages of psychosocial development, widely used in counselling.
17. Who developed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) used in career guidance?
A. Carl Jung
B. Isabel Briggs Myers & Katharine Cook Briggs
C. Freud
D. Super
Answer: B
Explanation: Based on Carl Jung’s theory, the MBTI was developed by Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Cook Briggs.
18. The developer of the Holland Codes in career counselling is—
A. John Holland
B. Donald Super
C. Parsons
D. Ellis
Answer: A
Explanation: John Holland created the RIASEC model, linking personality types with compatible careers.
19. Carl Jung’s theory primarily contributed to which area in counselling?
A. Unconscious drives
B. Archetypes and personality types
C. Reward and punishment
D. Rational thinking
Answer: B
Explanation: Jung introduced archetypes and personality types, forming the basis of various career and personality tools.
20. Who was the first to use group guidance as a technique?
A. Carl Rogers
B. Arthur J. Jones
C. Frank Parsons
D. B.F. Skinner
Answer: B
Explanation: Arthur J. Jones advocated for and used group guidance as a technique in educational settings.
21. The “Trait-Factor Theory” of vocational guidance was introduced by—
A. Carl Rogers
B. Frank Parsons
C. Erik Erikson
D. Skinner
Answer: B
Explanation: Frank Parsons developed the Trait-Factor Theory, emphasizing the match between individual traits and occupational factors.
22. Which theory developed by Carl Rogers focuses on the actualizing tendency of individuals?
A. Psychoanalysis
B. Client-Centered Theory
C. Behaviorism
D. Gestalt
Answer: B
Explanation: Carl Rogers’ Client-Centered Theory is based on the idea that individuals have a natural tendency toward growth and self-actualization.
23. E.G. Williamson’s counselling technique emphasizes—
A. Free expression
B. Decision-making by the client
C. Direct advice from the counselor
D. Emotional analysis
Answer: C
Explanation: Williamson’s directive counselling model involves the counselor diagnosing the problem and prescribing solutions.
24. The Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT) technique involves disputing—
A. Emotional symptoms
B. Unconscious conflicts
C. Irrational beliefs
D. Physical behaviors
Answer: C
Explanation: REBT, developed by Albert Ellis, focuses on identifying and replacing irrational beliefs to change behavior and emotions.
25. Transactional Analysis uses which key tool to understand human interactions?
A. Free association
B. Ego state model (Parent, Adult, Child)
C. Archetypes
D. Conditioning
Answer: B
Explanation: Eric Berne’s Transactional Analysis uses the Parent-Adult-Child ego state model to analyze communication and behavior.
26. B.F. Skinner’s behavior therapy is based on which technique?
A. Classical conditioning
B. Rational analysis
C. Operant conditioning
D. Emotional catharsis
Answer: C
Explanation: Skinner emphasized operant conditioning, where behavior is shaped by reinforcement or punishment.
27. The vocational preference inventory is based on which theorist’s typology?
A. Super
B. Parsons
C. Holland
D. Jung
Answer: C
Explanation: John Holland’s RIASEC model forms the basis of the Vocational Preference Inventory, linking personality types to careers.
28. The key technique used in psychoanalysis is—
A. Reinforcement
B. Free association
C. Self-actualization
D. Rational disputation
Answer: B
Explanation: Sigmund Freud used free association to explore unconscious thoughts in psychoanalytic counselling.
29. In Gestalt therapy, the emphasis is placed on—
A. Childhood trauma
B. Present experience and awareness
C. Social reinforcement
D. Rational beliefs
Answer: B
Explanation: Fritz Perls’ Gestalt therapy emphasizes the here-and-now, focusing on awareness, responsibility, and present experience.
30. The “Stages of Career Development” theory was proposed by—
A. Carl Jung
B. Erik Erikson
C. Donald Super
D. Albert Ellis
Answer: C
Explanation: Donald Super outlined the stages of career development as a lifespan approach, from growth to disengagement.
31. In Carl Rogers’ counselling, which of the following is not one of the core conditions?
A. Empathy
B. Genuineness
C. Interpretation
D. Unconditional positive regard
Answer: C
Explanation: Interpretation is not a Rogerian principle; the three core conditions are empathy, congruence (genuineness), and unconditional positive regard.
32. Alfred Adler’s counselling emphasizes—
A. Repressed sexual conflicts
B. Childhood trauma
C. Social interest and purposeful goals
D. Genetic inheritance
Answer: C
Explanation: Adler’s Individual Psychology focuses on social interest, inferiority complex, and purposeful striving.
33. The MBTI tool is used primarily for—
A. Diagnosing mental disorders
B. Determining vocational interests
C. Identifying personality types
D. Analyzing childhood trauma
Answer: C
Explanation: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is based on Jung’s personality theory and categorizes people into 16 personality types.
34. “Empty chair technique” is commonly used in—
A. Psychoanalysis
B. Client-centered counselling
C. Gestalt therapy
D. Behavior therapy
Answer: C
Explanation: The empty chair technique, developed by Fritz Perls, is used in Gestalt therapy to express thoughts or conflicts.
35. The ABC Model is a key component of which counselling approach?
A. Psychoanalytic therapy
B. Gestalt therapy
C. REBT
D. Eclectic counselling
Answer: C
Explanation: In REBT (Rational-Emotive Behaviour Therapy), the ABC model represents Activating event, Belief, and Consequence.
36. Carl Jung’s theory formed the basis of which modern tool used in career counselling?
A. RIASEC
B. Vocational Interest Inventory
C. MBTI
D. Binet-Simon Scale
Answer: C
Explanation: Carl Jung’s personality theory influenced the MBTI, which is widely used in personality and career counselling.
37. Behavior therapy uses which of the following techniques?
A. Dream analysis
B. Reinforcement and punishment
C. Archetypal imagery
D. Cognitive reframing
Answer: B
Explanation: Behavior therapy, especially through Skinner’s model, uses reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior.
38. The “Inferiority Complex” and “Striving for Superiority” are central ideas in—
A. Freud’s theory
B. Rogers’ theory
C. Adler’s theory
D. Ellis’ theory
Answer: C
Explanation: Alfred Adler emphasized the inferiority complex and the desire to overcome it as central to personality development.
39. Which of the following tools is associated with John Holland’s theory?
A. Strong Interest Inventory
B. MBTI
C. Sentence Completion Test
D. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
Answer: A
Explanation: The Strong Interest Inventory is often used alongside Holland’s RIASEC types to guide career choices.
40. In which counselling approach is the client considered “capable of solving their own problems”?
A. Directive
B. Client-Centered
C. Psychoanalytic
D. Behaviorist
Answer: B
Explanation: In Client-Centered Counselling by Carl Rogers, the client is seen as inherently good and capable of self-guidance.
41. The term ‘Guidance and Counselling’ was first formally introduced in Indian education by—
A. NCERT
B. Kothari Commission (1964–66)
C. Radhakrishnan Commission
D. University Grants Commission
Answer: B
Explanation: The Kothari Commission strongly recommended guidance and counselling services in schools and colleges for holistic development.
42. Which Indian organization publishes guidance-related manuals and tools for schools?
A. CBSE
B. NIOS
C. NCERT
D. UGC
Answer: C
Explanation: NCERT through its Department of Educational Psychology and Foundations of Education (DEPFE) develops guidance and counselling materials.
43. Which is the central counselling training institution in India under the Ministry of Education?
A. AIIMS
B. NIMHANS
C. RIE Bhopal (NCERT)
D. NIEPA
Answer: C
Explanation: RIE Bhopal offers a formal Diploma in Guidance and Counselling under NCERT, training school counsellors nationwide.
44. In school settings, which counselling approach is mostly adopted today?
A. Directive
B. Psychoanalytic
C. Client-Centered (Humanistic)
D. Behavioral
Answer: C
Explanation: Modern school counselling often follows the humanistic approach (Carl Rogers), focusing on empathy and student-centered support.
45. In India, the Right to Education Act (2009) emphasizes guidance in terms of—
A. Psychological testing
B. Career assessments
C. Inclusive education and child development
D. Moral instruction only
Answer: C
Explanation: RTE promotes inclusive and equitable education, under which counselling and emotional support are essential.
46. The “Adolescence Education Programme” (AEP) by NCERT and NACO includes—
A. Moral counselling
B. Sex education and life skills counselling
C. Supervised study
D. Career aptitude tests
Answer: B
Explanation: AEP aims to develop adolescents’ understanding of health, sexuality, emotions, and decision-making through guidance sessions.
47. What is the key focus of life skills education, often part of modern school counselling?
A. Curriculum planning
B. Examination strategies
C. Cognitive and emotional competence
D. Financial literacy
Answer: C
Explanation: Life skills education, promoted by WHO and NCERT, builds critical thinking, self-awareness, empathy, and stress management in students.
48. Which of the following tools is used for measuring attitude in guidance and counselling?
A. Sociogram
B. Likert Scale
C. MBTI
D. TAT
Answer: B
Explanation: Likert scales are widely used to measure attitudes and preferences in educational and psychological assessments.
49. The Career Information Service (CIS) under NCERT primarily aims to—
A. Conduct entrance tests
B. Monitor school attendance
C. Provide updated career information to students
D. Distribute textbooks
Answer: C
Explanation: CIS is a centralized repository of career-related resources developed by NCERT for students and counsellors.
50. A key difference in guidance vs counselling in school context is—
A. Guidance is curative; counselling is preventive
B. Guidance is for groups; counselling is for individuals
C. Guidance is emotional; counselling is academic
D. Guidance is only for adults
Answer: B
Explanation: Guidance usually involves group-based information sharing, while counselling is individualized and deeper.
51. The “Guidance Movement” in India formally began in the—
A. 1920s
B. 1950s
C. 1970s
D. 1990s
Answer: B
Explanation: The guidance movement in India began around 1950s, when structured vocational guidance centers were set up in major cities.
52. Who led the Indian initiative in guidance by starting the First Guidance Bureau in 1954?
A. Dr. S. N. Mukerjee
B. Dr. Radhakrishnan
C. Prof. Vinod Kumar
D. Dr. Zakir Hussain
Answer: A
Explanation: Dr. S. N. Mukerjee played a key role in setting up India’s first Guidance Bureau in Delhi in 1954.
53. A commonly used tool in school counselling to study peer relationships is—
A. Interest Inventory
B. Personality Test
C. Sociogram
D. IQ Test
Answer: C
Explanation: Sociograms help in mapping peer acceptance, isolation, and interaction patterns in a group setting.
54. What is the central goal of inclusive counselling in Indian schools?
A. Rewarding toppers
B. Supporting all learners including those with special needs
C. Promoting school branding
D. Organizing competitions
Answer: B
Explanation: Inclusive counselling addresses diverse student needs, especially children with disabilities, emotional or social challenges.
55. The “National Guidance Policy” in India aims to—
A. Restrict counselling to urban areas
B. Provide standardized career counselling services
C. Replace exams with interviews
D. Privatize school guidance services
Answer: B
Explanation: The policy envisions systematic guidance and counselling services with trained professionals at all educational levels.
56. A tool developed in India to assess vocational interests is—
A. MBTI
B. David’s Battery
C. Kuder Test
D. JVG Interest Record
Answer: D
Explanation: JVG (Jain Vocational Guidance) Interest Record is an Indian-developed tool to assess students’ career interests.
57. Which government body launched the NISHTHA Programme, which includes training on guidance and counselling?
A. UGC
B. NCERT
C. AICTE
D. NCTE
Answer: B
Explanation: NCERT’s NISHTHA Programme trains schoolteachers on pedagogy, assessment, and counselling competencies.
58. In India, guidance and counselling at secondary level is considered—
A. Optional luxury
B. Essential support service
C. Part of science syllabus
D. Legal compulsion
Answer: B
Explanation: Counselling is essential for student well-being and is part of the holistic development approach in NEP 2020.
59. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 recommends—
A. Removing guidance
B. Centralized testing only
C. Strong career and psychological counselling services at all school levels
D. Exams from class 1
Answer: C
Explanation: NEP 2020 promotes career and psychological counselling as key support mechanisms in schools and higher education.
60. Which of the following is a current digital platform offering free career guidance and counselling in India?
A. DigiCounsel
B. DIKSHA
C. e-Pathshala
D. SWAYAM
Answer: A
Explanation: DigiCounsel is a career guidance and counselling platform created under the government’s digital initiatives.
61. The primary aim of educational guidance is to—
A. Help students choose careers
B. Improve academic performance
C. Solve personal problems
D. Understand financial issues
Answer: B
Explanation: Educational guidance mainly focuses on helping students improve academic performance, adjust to educational environments, and make suitable subject choices.
62. Which of the following best defines guidance?
A. A therapy used to treat mental illness
B. A process of helping individuals to help themselves
C. A psychological test for assessment
D. A punishment technique
Answer: B
Explanation: Guidance is a continuous process through which individuals are helped to understand themselves and their environment and to make informed decisions.
63. Which of these is not a type of guidance?
A. Educational
B. Vocational
C. Recreational
D. Personal
Answer: C
Explanation: Educational, vocational, and personal are major types of guidance. Recreational guidance is not a standard type.
64. The most appropriate type of guidance for helping students select a career is—
A. Personal guidance
B. Educational guidance
C. Vocational guidance
D. Mental health guidance
Answer: C
Explanation: Vocational guidance helps individuals choose a suitable occupation based on their abilities, interests, and personality.
65. Counselling is primarily a process that involves—
A. Giving direct advice
B. Diagnosing physical illness
C. Assisting individuals in solving their problems independently
D. Telling clients what to do
Answer: C
Explanation: In counselling, the counselor helps the client explore options and reach their own conclusions instead of giving direct solutions.
66. Who is considered the “Father of Guidance Movement”?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Carl Rogers
C. Frank Parsons
D. B.F. Skinner
Answer: C
Explanation: Frank Parsons initiated the guidance movement in the U.S. and is known as the Father of Vocational Guidance.
67. Which one of the following is not a principle of guidance?
A. It is a continuous process
B. It is prescriptive
C. It is based on individual differences
D. It is for all
Answer: B
Explanation: Guidance is not prescriptive; it helps individuals make informed choices based on self-understanding and exploration.
68. The main focus of personal guidance is—
A. Curriculum planning
B. Psychological and emotional adjustment
C. Career selection
D. Time management
Answer: B
Explanation: Personal guidance assists students with emotional, psychological, and social issues that may affect their overall development.
69. One of the essential tools of guidance is—
A. Chalk and duster
B. Case study
C. Report card
D. Syllabus
Answer: B
Explanation: Case studies are essential tools in guidance where in-depth information about a student is collected for helping in decision-making.
70. A cumulative record card is used in guidance to—
A. Maintain financial data
B. Store books
C. Record student’s all-round development
D. Conduct experiments
Answer: C
Explanation: A cumulative record card keeps a comprehensive record of academic, co-curricular, and behavioral data over time.
71. Which tool is best used to assess interests in vocational guidance?
A. Intelligence test
B. Aptitude test
C. Interest inventory
D. Attitude scale
Answer: C
Explanation: Interest inventories help identify a person’s preferences and inclinations toward specific careers or occupations.
72. What does the term ‘Aptitude’ in guidance signify?
A. Past performance
B. Acquired knowledge
C. Potential ability to learn
D. Emotional stability
Answer: C
Explanation: Aptitude refers to a person’s potential ability to learn or acquire proficiency in a specific area with training.
73. The most common technique used in personal counselling is—
A. Suggestion
B. Directive approach
C. Non-directive approach
D. Group therapy
Answer: C
Explanation: The non-directive approach, developed by Carl Rogers, is commonly used where the client leads the discussion.
74. Which guidance technique involves collecting in-depth information about a person over time?
A. Sociometry
B. Rating scale
C. Case study
D. Anecdotal record
Answer: C
Explanation: A case study involves a thorough, detailed collection of personal, academic, and social data to understand and help the individual.
75. Guidance is said to be preventive, developmental, and—
A. Punitive
B. Directive
C. Curative
D. Restrictive
Answer: C
Explanation: Guidance helps in preventing problems, fostering development, and curing or solving existing issues.
76. A sociogram is a tool used to understand—
A. Intelligence
B. Achievement
C. Peer relationships
D. Career aptitude
Answer: C
Explanation: A sociogram is a diagram that maps out social relationships within a group, helping counselors understand group dynamics.
77. Who developed the concept of client-centered (non-directive) counselling?
A. Freud
B. Adler
C. Carl Rogers
D. Skinner
Answer: C
Explanation: Carl Rogers is best known for developing client-centered counselling, where the client is empowered to find their own solutions.
78. Which tool helps in identifying emotional disturbances?
A. Interest inventory
B. Personality test
C. Achievement test
D. Intelligence test
Answer: B
Explanation: Personality tests help reveal emotional patterns, temperament, and psychological concerns that may require counselling.
79. The key difference between guidance and counselling is—
A. Counselling is always group-based
B. Guidance is more individual-centered
C. Counselling deals with deeper emotional issues
D. Guidance is therapeutic
Answer: C
Explanation: Guidance is more general and informational, while counselling deals with personal and emotional problems that require professional intervention.
80. Which of the following is a group guidance technique?
A. Case Study
B. Anecdotal Record
C. Career Talk
D. Interview
Answer: C
Explanation: Career talks are used in group settings to provide information about various careers and guidance to multiple individuals simultaneously.
81. Which of the following is an example of a diagnostic tool in counselling?
A. Educational tour
B. Personality test
C. Black board
D. Lesson plan
Answer: B
Explanation: Personality tests help diagnose behavioral and emotional patterns in students, making them vital tools in counselling.
82. Which of the following tests would be most useful in vocational guidance?
A. Intelligence test
B. Achievement test
C. Interest inventory
D. Attitude test
Answer: C
Explanation: Interest inventories help identify personal preferences and areas of interest, which is essential for career guidance.
83. What is the main objective of group guidance?
A. To identify mental illness
B. To provide financial aid
C. To give common information to a number of students
D. To conduct exams
Answer: C
Explanation: Group guidance provides general guidance information (like career options, study methods) to multiple individuals at once.
84. The directive counselling approach was developed by—
A. Carl Rogers
B. Sigmund Freud
C. E.G. Williamson
D. Adler
Answer: C
Explanation: E.G. Williamson developed directive counselling, which is counselor-centered and involves giving solutions directly.
85. Which is not a characteristic of counselling?
A. Confidential
B. Judgmental
C. Empathetic
D. Person-centered
Answer: B
Explanation: Counselling is non-judgmental. The counselor listens without bias or criticism to create a supportive environment.
86. A guidance programme in schools is mainly meant for—
A. Only intelligent students
B. Only economically backward students
C. All students
D. Teachers
Answer: C
Explanation: Guidance is a universal service meant for all students, regardless of their abilities or background.
87. What does an anecdotal record mainly contain?
A. Academic grades
B. Budget plans
C. Brief reports of significant incidents in a student’s life
D. Library usage
Answer: C
Explanation: Anecdotal records are brief, factual, narrative accounts of specific incidents that show behavior or development in a student.
88. In non-directive counselling, the counselor’s role is to—
A. Give instructions
B. Solve problems directly
C. Facilitate self-direction and insight
D. Decide for the student
Answer: C
Explanation: In non-directive (client-centered) counselling, the counselor encourages self-exploration without imposing solutions.
89. Which of these is a quantitative tool used in guidance?
A. Sociogram
B. Case study
C. Questionnaire
D. Diary writing
Answer: C
Explanation: Questionnaires collect quantifiable data on interests, attitudes, and other traits and are commonly used in guidance services.
90. Educational guidance includes which of the following?
A. Marriage advice
B. Study habits and exam preparation techniques
C. Personality therapy
D. Job application process
Answer: B
Explanation: Educational guidance includes assisting students in improving academic skills, managing time, and preparing for exams.
91. Counselling is most effective when there is—
A. A formal environment
B. Authority of counselor
C. Mutual trust and understanding
D. Forced participation
Answer: C
Explanation: Counselling requires a trusting, respectful relationship between the counselor and client for effective results.
92. Which type of guidance would be most suitable for a student with emotional disturbances?
A. Vocational
B. Personal
C. Educational
D. Legal
Answer: B
Explanation: Personal guidance helps students with emotional, psychological, and social issues affecting their well-being.
93. A rating scale is a tool used to—
A. Diagnose diseases
B. Grade assignments
C. Assess attitudes or behaviors systematically
D. Decide examination dates
Answer: C
Explanation: Rating scales help systematically measure traits, behaviors, or attitudes based on observers’ judgments.
94. What is the focus of preventive guidance?
A. To correct behavioral issues
B. To help solve past problems
C. To avoid future problems by timely help
D. To impose rules
Answer: C
Explanation: Preventive guidance anticipates and addresses issues before they become serious, promoting early intervention.
95. Which is not a tool of guidance and counselling?
A. Case study
B. Interest inventory
C. Personal letter
D. Questionnaire
Answer: C
Explanation: A personal letter is not a formal tool of guidance. Others are standardized or semi-standardized tools used in assessment.
96. Which counselling approach focuses on both client and counselor working equally to find solutions?
A. Directive
B. Non-directive
C. Eclectic
D. Analytical
Answer: C
Explanation: Eclectic counselling combines elements of directive and non-directive approaches and emphasizes cooperation.
97. In school, guidance services should begin—
A. After board exams
B. Only at the secondary level
C. At the primary level itself
D. At university level
Answer: C
Explanation: Guidance should be introduced from the primary level to support early development and adjustment.
98. One-to-one confidential interaction between a counselor and a student is called—
A. Group guidance
B. Counselling interview
C. Intelligence testing
D. Seminar
Answer: B
Explanation: A counselling interview is a private, structured conversation aimed at helping the student deal with concerns.
99. Which test is most suitable to measure how much a student has learned?
A. Interest Inventory
B. Achievement Test
C. Aptitude Test
D. Projective Test
Answer: B
Explanation: Achievement tests measure the knowledge and skills a person has acquired through learning or instruction.
100. What is the major difference between guidance and counselling?
A. Guidance is long-term, counselling is short-term
B. Guidance is general, counselling is specific and emotional
C. Counselling is only academic
D. Guidance is therapeutic
Answer: B
Explanation: Guidance is a broader, informative process, while counselling involves deeper personal and emotional interaction to address specific issues.