Infectious Disease Specialist
Introduction: An infectious disease specialist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and other microorganisms. Infectious diseases specialists are trained to identify and address a wide range of infectious conditions, from common infections to rare and complex diseases. They play a crucial […]
Allergist
Introduction: An allergist, also known as an immunologist, is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of allergies and immune system disorders. Allergology, also referred to as immunology, is the branch of medicine that focuses on understanding and caring for patients with various allergic conditions and immune system dysfunctions. Allergists play […]
Hematologist
Introduction: A hematologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and disorders related to the blood and blood-forming tissues. Hematology is the branch of medicine that focuses on understanding and caring for patients with various blood-related conditions. Hematologists play a crucial role in maintaining blood health, managing blood […]
Otolaryngologist
Introduction: An otolaryngologist, also known as an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist, is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and disorders related to the ear, nose, throat, and related structures of the head and neck. Otolaryngology is the branch of medicine that focuses on understanding and caring […]
Pulmonologist
Introduction: A pulmonologist, also known as a pulmonary medicine specialist, is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and disorders related to the respiratory system and lungs. Pulmonology is the branch of medicine that focuses on understanding and caring for patients with various lung-related conditions. Pulmonologists play a crucial […]
Nephrologist
Introduction: A nephrologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and disorders related to the kidneys and urinary system. Nephrology is the branch of medicine that focuses on understanding and caring for patients with kidney-related conditions. Nephrologists play a crucial role in maintaining kidney health, managing kidney diseases, […]
Urologist
Introduction: A urologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and disorders related to the urinary tract and male reproductive system. Urology is the branch of medicine that focuses on understanding and caring for patients with various urological conditions. Urologists play a crucial role in maintaining urinary and […]
Pediatrician
Introduction: A pediatrician is a medical doctor who specializes in providing medical care and treatment to infants, children, and adolescents. Pediatrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the physical, emotional, and behavioral health of young patients from birth to early adulthood. Pediatricians play a crucial role in promoting child health, diagnosing and managing […]
Obstetrician
Introduction: An obstetrician is a medical doctor who specializes in providing medical care and management during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period. Obstetrics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the health and well-being of pregnant women and their unborn babies. Obstetricians play a crucial role in ensuring a safe and healthy pregnancy and […]
Rheumatologist
Introduction: A rheumatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and disorders related to the musculoskeletal system and autoimmune conditions. Rheumatology is a subspecialty of internal medicine that focuses on understanding and caring for patients with various rheumatic and autoimmune diseases. Rheumatologists play a crucial role in addressing […]
Endocrinologist
Introduction: An endocrinologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and disorders related to the endocrine system. The endocrine system consists of various glands that produce and secrete hormones, which regulate essential functions in the body. Endocrinologists play a critical role in maintaining hormonal balance, managing endocrine disorders, […]
Psychiatrist
Introduction: A psychiatrist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of mental health disorders. Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that focuses on understanding and caring for patients with various mental, emotional, and behavioral issues. Psychiatrists play a crucial role in providing mental health care, addressing psychological challenges, and improving […]
Orthopedic Surgeon
Introduction: An orthopedic surgeon is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and surgical management of musculoskeletal conditions and disorders. The musculoskeletal system includes bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves. Orthopedic surgeons play a crucial role in restoring function, mobility, and quality of life for patients with various orthopedic issues. Education and […]
Ophthalmologist
Introduction: An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and disorders related to the eyes and visual system. Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with eye care, including the prevention, diagnosis, and medical or surgical treatment of eye conditions. Ophthalmologists play a crucial role in […]
Oncologist
Introduction: An oncologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of cancer. Oncology is the branch of medicine focused on studying and caring for patients with cancerous tumors and related disorders. Oncologists play a critical role in providing comprehensive cancer care and guiding patients through their cancer journey. Types of […]
Neurologist
Introduction: A neurologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of disorders and diseases related to the nervous system. The nervous system includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. Neurologists play a critical role in understanding and addressing various neurological conditions, helping patients maintain optimal brain and nervous system […]
Gastroenterologist
Introduction: A gastroenterologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of diseases and disorders of the digestive system. This includes the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, such as the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (colon), liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Gastroenterologists play a crucial role in maintaining digestive health and […]
Dermatologist
Introduction: A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing conditions and diseases related to the skin, hair, nails, and mucous membranes. Dermatologists play a crucial role in maintaining skin health, managing various skin conditions, and providing cosmetic and surgical interventions. Education and Training: Becoming a dermatologist requires extensive education and […]
Cardiologist
Introduction: A cardiologist is a medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases and conditions related to the cardiovascular system, which includes the heart and blood vessels. Cardiologists play a critical role in managing various heart-related issues, ensuring patients receive appropriate care for their heart health. Education and Training: Becoming a cardiologist requires […]
Transparency International (TI)
Introduction: Transparency International (TI) is a global civil society organization founded in 1993 with the mission to combat corruption and promote transparency, accountability, and integrity in all sectors of society. Mission and Objectives: Key Areas of Work: Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI): TI’s CPI is an influential annual report that ranks countries and territories based on […]
Human Rights Watch (HRW)
Introduction: Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an independent human rights organization founded in 1978. It is dedicated to protecting and promoting human rights worldwide by conducting in-depth research, advocacy, and reporting on human rights abuses. Mission and Objectives: Key Areas of Work: Methodology: HRW conducts on-the-ground investigations, interviews with witnesses and victims, and verifies information […]
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency)
Introduction: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an independent international organization established in 1957 as part of the United Nations family. Its main objective is to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy while preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons and enhancing nuclear safety and security. Mission and Objectives: Key Areas of Work: IAEA […]
UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme)
Introduction: The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) is the leading global authority on environmental issues within the United Nations system. Established in 1972, UNEP works to promote sustainable development, protect the environment, and address environmental challenges facing the world. Mission and Objectives: Key Areas of Work: Global Initiatives: Partnerships and Collaboration: UNEP collaborates with governments, […]
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
Introduction: The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, established in 1945, with the mission of eradicating hunger, promoting food security, and ensuring sustainable agriculture and rural development worldwide. Mission and Objectives: Key Areas of Work: Global Reach: FAO operates in over 130 countries, working closely with governments, international […]
ILO (International Labour Organization)
Introduction: The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations founded in 1919. It is the only tripartite UN agency, bringing together governments, employers, and workers from member countries to set labor standards, promote decent work, and foster social protection and dialogue. Mission and Objectives: Key Areas of Work: Tripartism: A […]
ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross)
Introduction: The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian organization that provides assistance and protection to victims of armed conflicts and other situations of violence. Established in 1863, the ICRC operates worldwide, acting as a neutral and impartial intermediary in times of war and other emergencies. Mission and Objectives: Key Activities: Dissemination […]
Doctors Without Borders (Médecins Sans Frontières – MSF)
Introduction: Doctors Without Borders, also known as Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), is an independent international medical humanitarian organization. It was founded in 1971 in France and is known for its impartiality, neutrality, and dedication to providing medical care to people affected by conflicts, epidemics, natural disasters, and other emergencies around the world. Mission and Objectives: […]
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Introduction: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a national public health agency of the United States under the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Established in 1946, the CDC is headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia, and plays a crucial role in protecting public health, preventing disease outbreaks, and promoting health and safety […]
UNFPA (United Nations Population Fund)
Introduction: The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) is a United Nations agency dedicated to advancing sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), as well as promoting gender equality and population data analysis. Established in 1969, UNFPA works towards ensuring that every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe, and every young person’s potential is fulfilled. […]
WFP (World Food Programme)
Introduction: The World Food Programme (WFP) is the food assistance branch of the United Nations and the world’s largest humanitarian organization fighting hunger and food insecurity. Established in 1961, the WFP works to provide food assistance and nutrition support to vulnerable populations, particularly in countries affected by conflict, disasters, and emergencies. Mission and Objectives: Operations […]
IEA (International Energy Agency)
Introduction: The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous intergovernmental organization established in 1974 within the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The IEA’s mission is to promote energy security, economic growth, and environmental sustainability by providing member countries with reliable data, analysis, and policy recommendations on energy-related issues. Mandate and […]
ISTE (International Society for Technology in Education)
Introduction: The International Society for Technology in Education (ISTE) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the use of technology in education. Founded in 1979, ISTE provides professional development, resources, and advocacy for educators, administrators, and policymakers worldwide. Its mission is to empower learners through innovative and effective use of technology in teaching and learning. […]
SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute)
Introduction: The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) is an independent international research institute dedicated to studying conflicts, arms control, disarmament, and peace-related issues. Founded in 1966, SIPRI conducts research and analysis to provide policymakers, scholars, and the public with valuable insights into global security challenges and opportunities for peace. Mission and Objectives: Research Areas: […]
GPE (Global Partnership for Education)
Introduction: The Global Partnership for Education (GPE) is a multilateral partnership and funding platform that works to improve education access, quality, and equity in developing countries. Established in 2002, the GPE aims to strengthen education systems, support teacher training, and enhance learning outcomes for children, particularly those from marginalized and vulnerable populations. Mission and Objectives: […]
ADB (Asian Development Bank)
Introduction: The Asian Development Bank (ADB) is a multilateral development finance institution that aims to promote economic and social progress in the Asia-Pacific region. Established in 1966, the ADB provides financial and technical assistance to its member countries, focusing on projects that support poverty reduction, sustainable development, and regional cooperation. Mission and Objectives: Membership and […]
UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)
Introduction: The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for protecting and assisting refugees, displaced persons, and stateless individuals worldwide. Established on December 14, 1950, the UNHCR’s primary objective is to safeguard the rights and well-being of people forced to flee their homes due to conflict, […]
IIE (Institute of International Education)
Introduction: The Institute of International Education (IIE) is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting international education and fostering global cooperation and exchange. Founded in 1919, the IIE’s mission is to advance international education and access to education worldwide, with a particular focus on supporting students, scholars, and professionals in their pursuit of educational and cultural […]
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
Introduction: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmental organization comprising 38 member countries from around the world. It was established on December 14, 1960, with the objective of promoting economic growth, prosperity, and sustainable development among its member nations. The OECD provides a platform for countries to share knowledge, exchange best […]
Veganism
Introduction: Veganism is a lifestyle and dietary choice that goes beyond vegetarianism by abstaining from the consumption of all animal products, including meat, fish, poultry, dairy, eggs, and any other food derived from animals. Veganism extends to other aspects of life, advocating for the ethical treatment of animals and avoiding the use of animal products […]
Vegetarianism
Introduction: Vegetarianism is a dietary practice that involves abstaining from the consumption of meat, fish, and poultry. Vegetarians primarily eat plant-based foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. This dietary choice can be motivated by various factors, including ethical, environmental, health, and religious beliefs. Types of Vegetarianism: Reasons for Vegetarianism: Health Considerations: Vegetarian […]
PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals)
Introduction: PETA, founded in 1980, is one of the largest and most well-known animal rights organizations in the world. The organization’s mission is to promote the ethical treatment of animals and advocate for their rights, focusing on issues related to animal cruelty, exploitation, and abuse in various industries, including food, clothing, entertainment, and research. Objectives […]
School Counselling Test Paper XIII
1. Learning is established in relation to stimulus” is according to which theory? (A) Social Learning theory. (B) Classical Conditioning. (C) Operant Conditioning. (D) Self-Efficacy. 2. Ivan Pavlov devised which theory? (A) Classical Conditioning. (B) Operant Conditioning. (C) Social Learning. (D) Participant Modelling. 3. To demonstrate stimulus – response theory on children, an experiment was conducted […]
School Counselling Test Paper XII
1. Non-directive counselling may not be applicable for child counselling because (A) It is exclusive for adult counselling. (B) Child does not have emotional problem only intellectual problem. (C) Child as a client cannot rely upon their own resources and decision. (D) Child counselling should done with diagnostic instrument. 2. Who is the pioneer of Directive counselling? (A) Carl Roger. (B) E.G. Williamson. (C) F.C. […]
School Counselling Test Paper XI
1. Which of the following is not a cognitive function? (A) Reflex. (B) Attention. (C) Perception. (D) Problem solving. 2. Interventions may include (A) Educational Programs. (B) New Policies. (C) Improvements in Environment. (D) All of the Above. 3. NJCLD stands for (A) National joint committee for learning disabilities. (B) National joint commission for learning disabilities. (C) National joint committee for learning disorders. (D) National joint Commission for learning Disorders. […]
School Counselling Test Paper X
1. Interpersonal relationship of school going children is curtailed due to the use of (A) Smart phone. (B) Electronic Gadgets. (C) Video Games. (D) All of the above. 2. Which are the forms of bullying? (A) Hitting. (B) Kicking. (C) Abusing. (D) All of the above. 3. Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder are (A) Obedient. (B) Unreceptive and hostile towards others. (C) Tolerant. (D) Forgetful. 4. Vandalism refers to (A) Destruction or […]
School counselling Test Paper IX
1. Evaluating skills evaluation done by a counsellor provides ……………………. On how effective a program or an intervention is in helping the students. (A) Qualitative data. (B) Quantitative data. (C) Both qualitative and quantitative. (D) None of the above. 2. Questions in evaluation can involve four broad areas: (A) Outcomes and impact, intervention need, intervention context and implementation. (B) Data collection, intervention need, […]
School Counselling Test Paper VIII
1. Which of these are steps in parent consultation? (A) Planning intervention. (B) Identifying problem. (C) Evaluating. (D) All of the above. 2. Lack of attention from parents can lead to spending more time on (A) Books. (B) Exercise. (C) Mobiles. (D) None of the above. 3. _____________ encourage children to be responsible, to think for themselves, and to consider the reasons for rules. (A) Authoritarian […]
School Counselling Test Paper VII
1. The act of helping the client to analyse the situation in another perspective and also in a clearer way refers to _____________ (A) Advising. (B) Guiding. (C) Counselling. (D) Tutoring. 2. A professional counsellor should be ____________ (A) Teacher who possesses certain counselling skills. (B) A close associate who has better listening skills. (C) A person with good communication skills. (D) Licensed […]
School counseling Test Paper VI
1. A school counsellor is planning a career development lesson focused on helping preteens expand their self-understanding. Which of the following types of assessments would likely be most effective to use in conjunction with this lesson? (A) Interest inventories. (B) Achievement tests. (C) Behavioural observations. (D) Intelligence tests. 2. ASCA has developed several documents to support the professional practice of school […]
School Counselling Test Paper V
1. In the beginning of ______ century the American School Counselling Association came up with the National Model: A Framework for School Counselling Programs. (A) 20th century. (B) 19th century. (C) 21th century. (D) 18th century. 2. The National Model: A Framework for School Counselling Programs advocates for (A) Comprehensive school counselling. (B) Complete school counselling. (C) Compound school counselling. (D) Constructive school counselling. 3. ASCA states that school […]