1. The main purpose of graphical representation is to:
A. Collect data
B. Calculate statistical values
C. Present data in visual form
D. Increase data size
Answer: C. Present data in visual form
Explanation: Graphical representation makes data easier to interpret by presenting it visually.
2. Which of the following is NOT a method of graphical representation?
A. Histogram
B. Pie chart
C. Frequency polygon
D. Correlation coefficient
Answer: D. Correlation coefficient
Explanation: Correlation coefficient is a numerical value, not a graphical method.
3. A bar graph is best used for:
A. Continuous data
B. Categorical or discrete data
C. Skewed data
D. Grouped frequency data
Answer: B. Categorical or discrete data
Explanation: Bar graphs are ideal for comparing different categories or groups.
4. In a histogram, the bars:
A. Are separated by gaps
B. Are of unequal width
C. Touch each other
D. Represent individual items
Answer: C. Touch each other
Explanation: Histogram bars are adjacent to represent continuous data.
5. A pie chart shows:
A. Frequency distribution
B. Relationship between two variables
C. Proportions of a whole
D. Fluctuation over time
Answer: C. Proportions of a whole
Explanation: Pie charts represent parts of a whole as sectors of a circle.
6. Which graph is used to show cumulative frequency?
A. Bar graph
B. Ogive
C. Histogram
D. Pie chart
Answer: B. Ogive
Explanation: Ogive (or cumulative frequency curve) helps to find median, percentiles, and quartiles.
7. The x-axis in a histogram represents:
A. Frequency
B. Class intervals
C. Total score
D. Standard deviation
Answer: B. Class intervals
Explanation: The x-axis shows class intervals and the y-axis shows frequency.
8. In a frequency polygon, the plotted points represent:
A. Cumulative frequency
B. Midpoints of class intervals
C. Endpoints of classes
D. Frequency per unit
Answer: B. Midpoints of class intervals
Explanation: Frequency polygon uses midpoints of classes to plot frequency distribution.
9. The difference between histogram and bar graph is that:
A. Histogram bars are spaced; bar graphs are not
B. Bar graph is used for continuous data
C. Histogram has touching bars; bar graph has gaps
D. Bar graph uses midpoints
Answer: C. Histogram has touching bars; bar graph has gaps
Explanation: Histogram represents continuous data; bar graph represents discrete/categorical data.
10. Which chart is most suitable to show the comparison of parts to a whole?
A. Line graph
B. Histogram
C. Frequency polygon
D. Pie chart
Answer: D. Pie chart
Explanation: Pie charts visually show how each category contributes to the total.
11. Which of the following graph types is best for displaying time series data?
A. Pie chart
B. Line graph
C. Ogive
D. Bar graph
Answer: B. Line graph
Explanation: Line graphs are ideal for showing trends and changes over time.
12. In a cumulative frequency curve (ogive), the frequency is plotted:
A. Against class width
B. Against class midpoint
C. Against class boundary
D. Against deviation score
Answer: C. Against class boundary
Explanation: Ogive plots cumulative frequency against upper class boundaries.
13. Which is not a feature of a histogram?
A. Bars of equal width
B. No space between bars
C. Based on class intervals
D. Uses angles to show data
Answer: D. Uses angles to show data
Explanation: Angles are used in pie charts, not histograms.
14. In bar graphs, the height of bars indicates:
A. Average of the data
B. Total number of scores
C. Frequency of the category
D. Median value
Answer: C. Frequency of the category
Explanation: The taller the bar, the higher the frequency.
15. Which graph allows estimation of median and quartiles easily?
A. Pie chart
B. Ogive
C. Bar diagram
D. Line graph
Answer: B. Ogive
Explanation: Ogives help to locate the median, quartiles, and percentiles.
16. The area under a histogram is proportional to:
A. Mean
B. Variance
C. Frequency
D. Standard deviation
Answer: C. Frequency
Explanation: The total area under a histogram corresponds to the total frequency of the data.
17. When two ogives intersect, the point of intersection gives:
A. Mean
B. Mode
C. Median
D. Quartile
Answer: C. Median
Explanation: The intersection point of “less than” and “more than” ogives gives the median.
18. A frequency polygon can be drawn over:
A. Line graph
B. Histogram
C. Bar graph
D. Pie chart
Answer: B. Histogram
Explanation: Frequency polygon is often drawn on top of a histogram using class midpoints.
19. Which graph is most appropriate for showing the relative frequency distribution?
A. Pie chart
B. Line graph
C. Relative frequency histogram
D. Frequency polygon
Answer: C. Relative frequency histogram
Explanation: This histogram displays relative frequencies instead of actual frequencies.
20. The most appropriate graph to represent grouped continuous data is:
A. Bar chart
B. Pie chart
C. Histogram
D. Dot plot
Answer: C. Histogram
Explanation: Histogram is ideal for continuous, grouped data.
21. A line graph is most appropriate for:
A. Showing parts of a whole
B. Comparing frequency distributions
C. Tracking changes over time
D. Displaying cumulative frequency
Answer: C. Tracking changes over time
Explanation: Line graphs are best suited for showing trends or changes in data across time intervals.
22. What type of graph is used when both variables are continuous?
A. Bar diagram
B. Pie chart
C. Line graph
D. Scatter plot
Answer: D. Scatter plot
Explanation: A scatter plot displays the relationship between two continuous variables.
23. The graphical representation of qualitative data is best done using:
A. Histogram
B. Bar graph
C. Frequency polygon
D. Ogive
Answer: B. Bar graph
Explanation: Bar graphs are best suited for representing qualitative or categorical data.
24. Which graph is best to determine correlation between two variables?
A. Bar chart
B. Line graph
C. Scatter diagram
D. Pie chart
Answer: C. Scatter diagram
Explanation: Scatter plots show how two continuous variables are related and whether a correlation exists.
25. In a pie chart, if one sector represents 90°, the corresponding percentage is:
A. 10%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 75%
Answer: B. 25%
Explanation: A full circle is 360°, so 90° = (90/360) × 100 = 25%.
26. The total angle of a pie chart is:
A. 100°
B. 180°
C. 360°
D. 720°
Answer: C. 360°
Explanation: A pie chart is a complete circle, which totals 360°.
27. A graph that displays data points along two axes to show a relationship is called:
A. Line chart
B. Histogram
C. Scatter plot
D. Frequency polygon
Answer: C. Scatter plot
Explanation: A scatter plot displays individual data points to show correlation or distribution.
28. The difference between a bar graph and a histogram is:
A. Histogram uses discrete data
B. Bar graph bars touch each other
C. Bar graph represents qualitative data; histogram shows quantitative continuous data
D. Histogram uses class midpoints only
Answer: C. Bar graph represents qualitative data; histogram shows quantitative continuous data
Explanation: Bar graphs = qualitative (discrete); histograms = continuous quantitative data.
29. What type of chart is best for comparing percentages among categories?
A. Pie chart
B. Line graph
C. Histogram
D. Polygon
Answer: A. Pie chart
Explanation: Pie charts show the share or percentage of each category from the whole.
30. Ogives are drawn to represent:
A. Mean
B. Mode
C. Cumulative frequency
D. Raw scores
Answer: C. Cumulative frequency
Explanation: Ogive graphs help represent the accumulation of frequencies.
31. A histogram and frequency polygon both represent:
A. Ordinal data
B. Categorical data
C. Discrete data
D. Grouped frequency data
Answer: D. Grouped frequency data
Explanation: Both are used to display grouped data, especially in frequency distributions.
32. The primary use of a frequency polygon is to:
A. Show individual scores
B. Compare two frequency distributions
C. Compare angles
D. Display proportions
Answer: B. Compare two frequency distributions
Explanation: Frequency polygons can be overlaid to compare different data sets.
33. A histogram is a type of:
A. Qualitative data representation
B. Graph for nominal data
C. Frequency graph for continuous data
D. Chart for ordinal data
Answer: C. Frequency graph for continuous data
Explanation: Histograms represent frequency of continuous grouped data.
34. A pie chart sector angle of 144° represents what percent?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 50%
Answer: C. 40%
Explanation: (144/360) × 100 = 40%
35. The midpoints used in frequency polygons are:
A. Class limits
B. Class width
C. Class intervals
D. Class marks
Answer: D. Class marks
Explanation: Class marks (midpoints of class intervals) are used to plot frequency polygons.
36. The ogive curve helps in the determination of:
A. Mode
B. Standard deviation
C. Percentiles and median
D. Mean
Answer: C. Percentiles and median
Explanation: Ogives are cumulative graphs used to locate percentiles and median.
37. Which of the following is NOT a graphical method of data representation?
A. Pie diagram
B. Line diagram
C. Mean score table
D. Bar diagram
Answer: C. Mean score table
Explanation: A table is a textual representation, not a graphical one.
38. If you want to compare data from two different years, the most appropriate graph is:
A. Pie chart
B. Line graph
C. Bar chart with grouped bars
D. Ogive
Answer: C. Bar chart with grouped bars
Explanation: Grouped bar charts allow side-by-side comparison of different datasets.
39. Which type of graph would be best to show change in temperature over a week?
A. Bar graph
B. Line graph
C. Pie chart
D. Histogram
Answer: B. Line graph
Explanation: Line graphs are excellent for showing trends or changes over time.
40. The main difference between an ogive and histogram is:
A. Histogram uses continuous frequency, ogive uses cumulative frequency
B. Ogive has bars; histogram has lines
C. Histogram is circular; ogive is linear
D. Ogive represents qualitative data
Answer: A. Histogram uses continuous frequency, ogive uses cumulative frequency
Explanation: Histogram shows the actual frequency; ogive shows the cumulative frequency.
41. Which of the following is best used to represent a frequency distribution?
A. Histogram
B. Pie chart
C. Line graph
D. Bar chart
Answer: A. Histogram
Explanation: A histogram is used to represent frequency distribution of continuous data. It helps visualize how values are distributed across intervals.
42. In a histogram, the bars are:
A. Of unequal width
B. Separated by gaps
C. Touching each other
D. Circular in shape
Answer: C. Touching each other
Explanation: In histograms, bars touch each other, emphasizing that the data is continuous and grouped.
43. A cumulative frequency graph is also called a:
A. Frequency polygon
B. Histogram
C. Ogive
D. Pie chart
Answer: C. Ogive
Explanation: An ogive is a cumulative frequency graph used to determine median, quartiles, and percentiles.
44. The most suitable diagram to compare parts to the whole is a:
A. Pie chart
B. Histogram
C. Bar graph
D. Frequency polygon
Answer: A. Pie chart
Explanation: Pie charts display data in circular form and are ideal for showing percentages or parts of a whole.
45. A frequency polygon is constructed by connecting:
A. Midpoints of histogram bars
B. Tops of histogram bars
C. Class intervals
D. Class boundaries
Answer: A. Midpoints of histogram bars
Explanation: A frequency polygon uses midpoints of each class interval plotted against their frequencies, connected by straight lines.
46. What does the area under a histogram represent?
A. Median
B. Mean
C. Total frequency
D. Range
Answer: C. Total frequency
Explanation: The total area under the histogram corresponds to the total frequency of the data set.
47. Which graph is most appropriate for representing time series data?
A. Histogram
B. Bar graph
C. Line graph
D. Ogive
Answer: C. Line graph
Explanation: Line graphs are best for showing trends over time as they clearly depict increases and decreases.
48. Which of the following graphs is most suitable for showing cumulative frequency?
A. Bar graph
B. Ogive
C. Pie chart
D. Histogram
Answer: B. Ogive
Explanation: Ogives are used for cumulative frequency distributions and are useful for locating medians and percentiles.
49. Which graphical method is best to show the relationship between two continuous variables?
A. Bar diagram
B. Scatter plot
C. Pie chart
D. Line graph
Answer: B. Scatter plot
Explanation: Scatter plots are ideal for displaying relationships and correlation between two continuous variables.
50. Which chart is most effective for displaying qualitative data?
A. Histogram
B. Line graph
C. Bar chart
D. Ogive
Answer: C. Bar chart
Explanation: Bar charts are used to compare different categories of qualitative or categorical data.
51. When drawing a pie chart, what does each sector represent?
A. Frequency
B. Cumulative frequency
C. Relative proportion
D. Range
Answer: C. Relative proportion
Explanation: Each sector in a pie chart corresponds to the relative proportion (percentage) of the category in the whole.
52. In a bar graph, bars should be:
A. Connected to each other
B. Of varying width
C. Equidistant
D. Arranged randomly
Answer: C. Equidistant
Explanation: Bars in a bar graph should be equidistant and separated, representing categorical data accurately.
53. Which graphical representation is not suitable for continuous data?
A. Line graph
B. Histogram
C. Pie chart
D. Bar diagram
Answer: D. Bar diagram
Explanation: Bar diagrams are suitable for discrete or categorical data, not for continuous data.
54. What type of curve is formed in a normal distribution graph?
A. Skewed curve
B. Bell-shaped curve
C. Zigzag line
D. Stepped curve
Answer: B. Bell-shaped curve
Explanation: In a normal distribution, the frequency curve is symmetrical and bell-shaped, centered at the mean.
55. What is the 0° angle in a pie chart representative of?
A. 0%
B. 25%
C. 50%
D. 100%
Answer: A. 0%
Explanation: A 0° angle in a pie chart means the category has no proportion or 0% in the dataset.
56. The sum of all angles in a pie chart is:
A. 100°
B. 180°
C. 270°
D. 360°
Answer: D. 360°
Explanation: Since a circle has 360°, the total angle in a pie chart is also 360°, representing the whole dataset.
57. In a line graph, the points are connected by:
A. Bars
B. Curves
C. Dots
D. Straight lines
Answer: D. Straight lines
Explanation: Line graphs connect data points with straight lines to show changes over intervals.
58. Which of the following is not a graphical representation of data?
A. Table
B. Histogram
C. Pie chart
D. Line graph
Answer: A. Table
Explanation: A table is a textual or numerical arrangement of data, not a graphical representation.
59. Which chart type is best for showing proportional relationship among categories?
A. Pie chart
B. Line graph
C. Bar graph
D. Histogram
Answer: A. Pie chart
Explanation: Pie charts are best suited to show how each part contributes to the whole (proportional relationship).
60. Which graphical representation would you use to determine quartiles?
A. Bar chart
B. Frequency polygon
C. Ogive
D. Histogram
Answer: C. Ogive
Explanation: Ogives help locate quartiles, deciles, and percentiles by showing cumulative frequencies on a graph.