1. Which book by Gandhi outlines his views on Indian civilization and critiques Western modernity?
A. My Experiments with Truth
B. Hind Swaraj
C. Towards New Education
D. Constructive Programme
Answer: B. Hind Swaraj
Explanation: Hind Swaraj (1909) presents Gandhi’s critique of Western civilization and proposes self-rule rooted in Indian values.
2. “My Experiments with Truth” is the autobiography of Gandhi written in which language originally?
A. Hindi
B. Gujarati
C. English
D. Urdu
Answer: B. Gujarati
Explanation: Gandhi wrote his autobiography Satya Na Prayogo in Gujarati, later translated into English.
3. In which of his books did Gandhi discuss his Basic Education philosophy?
A. Hind Swaraj
B. My Experiments with Truth
C. Towards New Education
D. India of My Dreams
Answer: C. Towards New Education
Explanation: Towards New Education contains Gandhi’s thoughts on Nai Talim (Basic Education).
4. Which Gandhi book focuses on building a self-reliant India through village upliftment?
A. Constructive Programme
B. Hind Swaraj
C. India of My Dreams
D. Village Swaraj
Answer: A. Constructive Programme
Explanation: Constructive Programme: Its Meaning and Place (1941) focuses on nation-building through education, khadi, sanitation, and upliftment.
5. Which book documents Gandhi’s experiences with truth in South Africa?
A. Hind Swaraj
B. India of My Dreams
C. Satyagraha in South Africa
D. Young India
Answer: C. Satyagraha in South Africa
Explanation: Gandhi wrote Satyagraha in South Africa to describe non-violent resistance and early educational efforts in South Africa.
6. Gandhi launched “Indian Opinion” in which country?
A. India
B. England
C. South Africa
D. Burma
Answer: C. South Africa
Explanation: Indian Opinion was launched in South Africa (1903) to spread awareness and education among Indians.
7. What was the primary aim of the “Young India” journal edited by Gandhi?
A. Promote British policies
B. Literary magazine
C. Spread ideas of freedom and education
D. Publish fiction stories
Answer: C. Spread ideas of freedom and education
Explanation: Young India was a political weekly used by Gandhi to discuss nationalism, education, Basic Education, and non-violence.
8. The journal “Harijan” was started in which year?
A. 1925
B. 1933
C. 1937
D. 1942
Answer: B. 1933
Explanation: Harijan was launched in 1933 to address untouchability, rural development, and educational reforms.
9. “Harijan”, “Harijan Bandhu”, and “Harijan Sevak” were published in:
A. English, Gujarati, Hindi
B. Hindi, Urdu, Bengali
C. English, Hindi, Tamil
D. Gujarati, Marathi, Sanskrit
Answer: A. English, Gujarati, Hindi
Explanation: These were the three versions of the Harijan journal to reach diverse linguistic audiences.
10. In which of the following journals did Gandhi popularize Nai Talim?
A. Indian Opinion
B. Harijan
C. Young India
D. Navajivan
Answer: B. Harijan
Explanation: Gandhi extensively wrote about Nai Talim (Basic Education) in Harijan to educate the masses.
11. In which year did Gandhi establish the Gujarat Vidyapith?
A. 1917
B. 1920
C. 1925
D. 1932
Answer: B. 1920
Explanation: Gujarat Vidyapith was established in 1920 as a nationalist educational institution.
12. Which of the following educational institutions was Gandhi’s earliest experiment in community living and education?
A. Wardha Ashram
B. Phoenix Settlement
C. Gujarat Vidyapith
D. Santiniketan
Answer: B. Phoenix Settlement
Explanation: Founded in 1904 in South Africa, the Phoenix Settlement combined community living, manual work, and education.
13. Tolstoy Farm was established in which year by Gandhi?
A. 1903
B. 1907
C. 1910
D. 1915
Answer: C. 1910
Explanation: Tolstoy Farm was founded in 1910, near Johannesburg, as a model of Nai Talim education and self-sufficiency.
14. What was the purpose of establishing Gujarat Vidyapith?
A. Prepare clerks
B. Promote Western education
C. Promote national education in Indian languages
D. Impart military training
Answer: C. Promote national education in Indian languages
Explanation: Gandhi established Gujarat Vidyapith to offer swadeshi, value-based education in the mother tongue.
15. Who was appointed as the first Chancellor of Gujarat Vidyapith?
A. Sardar Patel
B. Gandhi himself
C. Rajendra Prasad
D. Dr. Zakir Hussain
Answer: B. Gandhi himself
Explanation: Gandhi served as the first Chancellor of Gujarat Vidyapith to ensure its alignment with Nai Talim ideals.
16. The Wardha Scheme of Education was proposed in which year?
A. 1920
B. 1930
C. 1937
D. 1942
Answer: C. 1937
Explanation: The Wardha Scheme was introduced in 1937, based on Gandhi’s Basic Education (Nai Talim).
17. Who chaired the committee to frame the curriculum for the Wardha Scheme?
A. Rajaji
B. K.T. Shah
C. Zakir Hussain
D. Radhakrishnan
Answer: C. Zakir Hussain
Explanation: The Zakir Hussain Committee (1938) implemented the Wardha Scheme by framing its curriculum.
18. Gandhi’s Basic Education emphasized:
A. Competitive exams
B. Literacy only
C. Craft-centered education
D. Science and technology
Answer: C. Craft-centered education
Explanation: Gandhi emphasized “learning through productive work”, such as spinning, weaving, and handicrafts.
19. Which term did Gandhi use for his new system of education?
A. Basic Education
B. Nai Talim
C. Wardha Model
D. Swadeshi Learning
Answer: B. Nai Talim
Explanation: Gandhi called his educational approach “Nai Talim”, meaning “New Education”, which combines manual work, values, and academics.
20. The Wardha Scheme recommended education for children aged:
A. 3–7 years
B. 6–12 years
C. 7–14 years
D. 10–15 years
Answer: C. 7–14 years
Explanation: The scheme aimed at providing free, compulsory education to children from ages 7 to 14.
21. Who called Gandhi’s education system “education for life”?
A. Rousseau
B. Vinoba Bhave
C. John Dewey
D. Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Answer: B. Vinoba Bhave
Explanation: Vinoba Bhave referred to Nai Talim as “education for life, through life, and throughout life.”
22. Which activity was central to Gandhi’s Basic Education curriculum?
A. Debate
B. Religious preaching
C. Productive handicraft
D. Military drill
Answer: C. Productive handicraft
Explanation: Gandhi’s model revolved around work-oriented education, such as spinning, agriculture, carpentry, etc.
23. Gandhi believed education must begin with:
A. Religion
B. Discipline
C. Work
D. English
Answer: C. Work
Explanation: Gandhi emphasized that work should be the starting point and medium of learning for all education.
24. What was Gandhi’s goal in promoting journals like Harijan?
A. Religious propagation
B. Industrialization
C. Upliftment of the marginalized and educational awareness
D. Business advertisement
Answer: C. Upliftment of the marginalized and educational awareness
Explanation: Harijan aimed at educating people about untouchability, rural reconstruction, and Basic Education.
25. Which of the following is NOT a Gandhi-associated publication?
A. Navajivan
B. Indian Opinion
C. The Hindu
D. Harijan
Answer: C. The Hindu
Explanation: The Hindu was not Gandhi’s publication; it was an independent newspaper.
26. What does “Nai Talim” literally mean?
A. National education
B. Craft education
C. New education
D. Moral training
Answer: C. New education
Explanation: Nai Talim is a Hindi term meaning “New Education”, rooted in Indian life and values.
27. Gandhi promoted teaching in which language?
A. English
B. Urdu
C. Persian
D. Mother tongue
Answer: D. Mother tongue
Explanation: Gandhi believed that teaching in the mother tongue ensures better understanding and cultural connection.
28. In which publication did Gandhi serialize his autobiography?
A. Harijan
B. Indian Opinion
C. Navajivan
D. Young India
Answer: C. Navajivan
Explanation: Navajivan published Gandhi’s autobiography serially in Gujarati.
29. The educational motto “Earn while you learn” is associated with:
A. Kothari Commission
B. Mahatma Gandhi
C. Rabindranath Tagore
D. John Dewey
Answer: B. Mahatma Gandhi
Explanation: Gandhi emphasized this idea through craft-based education, making it economically self-sustaining.
30. The ultimate aim of Gandhian education is:
A. Passing exams
B. Moral development and self-realization
C. Preparing for jobs
D. Political propaganda
Answer: B. Moral development and self-realization
Explanation: Gandhi aimed at character formation, spiritual growth, and self-sufficiency through education.
31. Which educational scheme was proposed by Mahatma Gandhi in 1937?
A. Basic Education
B. Wardha Scheme
C. Nai Talim
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi introduced the concept of Basic Education, also known as Nai Talim, through the Wardha Scheme of Education (1937). All three terms are interconnected.
32. According to Gandhi, the medium of instruction should be:
A. English
B. Hindi
C. Mother tongue
D. Sanskrit
Answer: C. Mother tongue
Explanation: Gandhi strongly believed that the mother tongue is the best medium of instruction for young learners to ensure better understanding and cultural rootedness.
33. What is the core principle of Gandhiji’s Basic Education scheme?
A. Rote learning
B. Literary knowledge only
C. Education through craft
D. Technological education
Answer: C. Education through craft
Explanation: Gandhiji emphasized “learning by doing” and integrating productive manual work or craft into education to develop the body, mind, and soul.
34. Which Commission recommended implementing Gandhi’s educational philosophy?
A. Hunter Commission
B. Mudaliar Commission
C. Kothari Commission
D. Zakir Hussain Committee
Answer: D. Zakir Hussain Committee
Explanation: The Zakir Hussain Committee (1938) was formed to implement and elaborate Gandhi’s Wardha Scheme of Basic Education.
35. What was the main aim of Gandhi’s Basic Education?
A. Prepare for foreign jobs
B. Impart higher education
C. Develop vocational skills and self-reliance
D. Promote western education
Answer: C. Develop vocational skills and self-reliance
Explanation: Gandhi envisioned an education system that made individuals economically self-reliant and socially responsible through productive work.
36. In Gandhian education, craft was treated as:
A. Hobby
B. Extracurricular activity
C. Central to the curriculum
D. Optional subject
Answer: C. Central to the curriculum
Explanation: Gandhi placed craft at the heart of the educational process to ensure dignity of labor and relevance of education to real life.
37. What did Gandhi consider more important in education?
A. Earning a degree
B. English fluency
C. Character building
D. Passing competitive exams
Answer: C. Character building
Explanation: Gandhi emphasized moral and character development as the central purpose of education, not merely academic excellence.
38. Nai Talim emphasizes:
A. Theoretical knowledge
B. Industrial training
C. Education for head, heart, and hand
D. Memorization techniques
Answer: C. Education for head, heart, and hand
Explanation: Nai Talim or Basic Education aims at holistic development involving cognitive (head), emotional (heart), and manual (hand) domains.
39. Gandhi believed education should begin at the age of:
A. 3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 10
Answer: C. 7
Explanation: Gandhi’s Wardha Scheme proposed starting formal education at age 7, focusing on self-sufficiency and values.
40. Which aspect was NOT a focus of Gandhian education?
A. Dignity of labor
B. Self-dependency
C. Western curriculum
D. Moral values
Answer: C. Western curriculum
Explanation: Gandhi was against the Westernized education system which, according to him, created a sense of inferiority and disconnect from Indian culture.
41. Gandhi described education as the:
A. Key to getting a government job
B. Tool for memorizing facts
C. All-round drawing out of the best in child and man
D. System of competition and ranks
Answer: C. All-round drawing out of the best in child and man
Explanation: Gandhi’s definition of education was holistic, focusing on physical, mental, and spiritual development.
42. The ideal teacher according to Gandhi is:
A. A strict disciplinarian
B. A taskmaster
C. A friend, philosopher, and guide
D. A government servant
Answer: C. A friend, philosopher, and guide
Explanation: Gandhi believed that the teacher should guide and inspire students, not just instruct them.
43. Which of the following is a criticism of Gandhi’s Basic Education?
A. Too much focus on craft
B. Not suitable for rural India
C. Lacks emphasis on character
D. Promotes materialism
Answer: A. Too much focus on craft
Explanation: Critics felt that overemphasis on craft might neglect academic and scientific education, though Gandhi saw craft as central to learning.
44. What is the role of education in society, according to Gandhi?
A. Promote economic liberalization
B. Sustain colonial structure
C. Reconstruct the society on moral and ethical foundations
D. Strengthen political ideologies
Answer: C. Reconstruct the society on moral and ethical foundations
Explanation: Gandhi viewed education as a means to reform society, eradicate social evils, and promote ethical values.
45. Which book contains Gandhi’s views on education?
A. Hind Swaraj
B. My Experiments with Truth
C. Towards New Education
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Explanation: Gandhi expressed his educational ideas in all three works, especially Hind Swaraj and Towards New Education.