1. Which of the following is a group guidance technique?
A. Interview
B. Case Study
C. Sociodrama
D. Psychological Testing
Answer: C. Sociodrama
Explanation: Sociodrama is a group guidance technique where participants enact social situations to understand emotions, behavior, and perspectives. It helps in resolving interpersonal conflicts.
2. The main purpose of counselling in education is to:
A. Improve memorization
B. Enforce discipline
C. Help students solve personal and educational problems
D. Enhance physical education
Answer: C. Help students solve personal and educational problems
Explanation: Counselling aims to assist students in resolving emotional, academic, social, and career-related issues to promote overall development.
3. Which of the following is a directive counselling technique?
A. Empathetic listening
B. Free association
C. Prescriptive advice-giving
D. Play therapy
Answer: C. Prescriptive advice-giving
Explanation: In directive counselling, the counsellor takes a leading role and provides direct advice or suggestions to the client.
4. The technique where a counsellor actively listens and reflects the client’s feelings is called:
A. Reinforcement
B. Paraphrasing
C. Interpretation
D. Active Listening
Answer: D. Active Listening
Explanation: Active listening involves full attention, empathy, and feedback to help the client feel understood and supported.
5. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of guidance and counselling in schools?
A. Promoting holistic development
B. Helping in career planning
C. Reducing dropouts
D. Increasing competition among students
Answer: D. Increasing competition among students
Explanation: Guidance and counselling aim to foster cooperation, understanding, and self-growth rather than unhealthy competition.
6. One-to-one counselling is most appropriate for:
A. Career fairs
B. Classroom discussion
C. Individual emotional issues
D. Group therapy
Answer: C. Individual emotional issues
Explanation: Personal or emotional problems are better addressed through individual counselling sessions, ensuring privacy and focused support.
7. Which of the following is considered a non-testing tool in guidance?
A. Interest Inventory
B. Personality Test
C. Rating Scale
D. Anecdotal Record
Answer: D. Anecdotal Record
Explanation: Anecdotal records are non-testing tools that record significant incidents of student behavior for guidance purposes.
8. The role of a teacher in school guidance is to:
A. Replace the school counsellor
B. Diagnose psychological disorders
C. Identify students needing help and refer
D. Conduct psychiatric therapy
Answer: C. Identify students needing help and refer
Explanation: Teachers are crucial in identifying students with problems and referring them to specialists for guidance or counselling.
9. Counselling helps in improving:
A. Physical strength
B. Emotional intelligence and decision-making
C. Memorizing ability
D. Punitive behavior
Answer: B. Emotional intelligence and decision-making
Explanation: Counselling enhances self-awareness, emotional control, and informed decision-making skills.
10. Which is an example of play therapy?
A. Role-playing career interviews
B. Using toys to express emotions
C. Discussing academic performance
D. Writing a resume
Answer: B. Using toys to express emotions
Explanation: Play therapy is used especially with children to help them express feelings they cannot verbalize.
11. A key characteristic of non-directive counselling is:
A. Giving clear directions
B. Letting the counsellor dominate
C. Client-centered approach
D. Focusing only on career guidance
Answer: C. Client-centered approach
Explanation: Non-directive counselling, as proposed by Carl Rogers, emphasizes the client’s freedom to explore and resolve issues at their own pace.
12. Importance of vocational guidance includes:
A. Making students study harder
B. Helping students choose suitable careers
C. Avoiding manual labor jobs
D. Ensuring everyone becomes a doctor or engineer
Answer: B. Helping students choose suitable careers
Explanation: Vocational guidance helps align personal interests, abilities, and market demands to select appropriate careers.
13. Counselling is most effective when the counsellor:
A. Gives orders
B. Judges the client
C. Builds trust and rapport
D. Avoids listening to problems
Answer: C. Builds trust and rapport
Explanation: Building trust ensures clients open up, making counselling more effective.
14. The method used in behavioural counselling to reduce anxiety is:
A. Logical analysis
B. Rationalization
C. Systematic Desensitization
D. Punishment
Answer: C. Systematic Desensitization
Explanation: This technique involves gradual exposure to anxiety-provoking situations paired with relaxation strategies.
15. The role of empathy in counselling is to:
A. Sympathize with the client
B. Criticize the client
C. Understand the client’s feelings
D. Control the client’s decisions
Answer: C. Understand the client’s feelings
Explanation: Empathy allows the counsellor to genuinely understand and validate the client’s emotional experiences.
16. Which is a limitation of group guidance?
A. Time-consuming
B. Lack of peer interaction
C. Inappropriate for general topics
D. Confidentiality is difficult to maintain
Answer: D. Confidentiality is difficult to maintain
Explanation: Group settings may compromise personal privacy, making it difficult to ensure confidentiality.
17. Which one is a preventive function of guidance?
A. Identifying mental illness
B. Crisis intervention
C. Providing information to avoid future problems
D. Therapy after trauma
Answer: C. Providing information to avoid future problems
Explanation: Preventive guidance aims to avert problems through early information and awareness.
18. Career counselling is most appropriate during:
A. Early childhood
B. Middle school
C. Secondary and higher secondary level
D. Retirement stage
Answer: C. Secondary and higher secondary level
Explanation: At this stage, students are mature enough to understand their interests and make informed career decisions.
19. The main aim of educational counselling is to:
A. Help in business planning
B. Improve study habits and academic success
C. Arrange financial support
D. Train in physical exercises
Answer: B. Improve study habits and academic success
Explanation: Educational counselling assists students in academic planning, motivation, and learning strategies.
20. A case study technique in counselling is used to:
A. Test memory
B. Administer punishment
C. Understand the client through detailed analysis
D. Teach large groups
Answer: C. Understand the client through detailed analysis
Explanation: A case study gathers comprehensive information about a client to understand their behavior, background, and needs.
21. Who is considered the founder of Client-Centered Therapy?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Carl Rogers
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Albert Ellis
Answer: B. Carl Rogers
Explanation: Carl Rogers developed Client-Centered Therapy (also known as Person-Centered Therapy), emphasizing unconditional positive regard and empathy in the counselling process.
22. The concept of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) was introduced by:
A. Carl Jung
B. Carl Rogers
C. Albert Ellis
D. Erik Erikson
Answer: C. Albert Ellis
Explanation: Albert Ellis founded REBT, focusing on identifying and changing irrational beliefs that lead to emotional distress.
23. The founder of Psychoanalysis is:
A. Carl Jung
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Alfred Adler
D. Viktor Frankl
Answer: B. Sigmund Freud
Explanation: Freud introduced psychoanalysis, emphasizing unconscious motives, early childhood experiences, and dream analysis.
24. Who introduced the technique of free association in counselling?
A. Carl Rogers
B. Abraham Maslow
C. Sigmund Freud
D. B.F. Skinner
Answer: C. Sigmund Freud
Explanation: Free association is a psychoanalytic technique used by Freud to explore unconscious thoughts.
25. Who developed the technique of Systematic Desensitization in behavior therapy?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. John Watson
C. Joseph Wolpe
D. Carl Rogers
Answer: C. Joseph Wolpe
Explanation: Joseph Wolpe introduced systematic desensitization to treat phobias by gradually exposing clients to anxiety-provoking stimuli.
26. Who is known for the development of logotherapy?
A. Carl Jung
B. Viktor Frankl
C. Erik Erikson
D. Karen Horney
Answer: B. Viktor Frankl
Explanation: Viktor Frankl developed logotherapy, which focuses on finding meaning in life, especially during suffering.
27. Who introduced the concept of individual psychology in counselling?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Alfred Adler
C. Carl Jung
D. Viktor Frankl
Answer: B. Alfred Adler
Explanation: Adler emphasized the uniqueness of individuals and the importance of social context and goals.
28. The ABC Model in counselling is associated with:
A. Carl Rogers
B. B.F. Skinner
C. Albert Ellis
D. Erik Erikson
Answer: C. Albert Ellis
Explanation: The ABC model (Activating event, Beliefs, Consequences) is central to REBT by Ellis.
29. The empty chair technique is associated with:
A. Carl Jung
B. Fritz Perls
C. Carl Rogers
D. Abraham Maslow
Answer: B. Fritz Perls
Explanation: Fritz Perls, founder of Gestalt Therapy, used the empty chair technique to explore unresolved issues.
30. The founder of Gestalt Therapy is:
A. Abraham Maslow
B. Albert Bandura
C. Fritz Perls
D. Carl Rogers
Answer: C. Fritz Perls
Explanation: Perls developed Gestalt Therapy, focusing on awareness, the present moment, and personal responsibility.
31. Who developed Transactional Analysis (TA) as a counselling method?
A. Eric Berne
B. Carl Rogers
C. Viktor Frankl
D. John Watson
Answer: A. Eric Berne
Explanation: Eric Berne founded TA, which analyzes social transactions and ego states (Parent, Adult, Child).
32. The Hierarchy of Needs theory in humanistic counselling was introduced by:
A. Carl Rogers
B. Erik Erikson
C. Abraham Maslow
D. Jean Piaget
Answer: C. Abraham Maslow
Explanation: Maslow’s theory outlines human needs from basic survival to self-actualization, influencing counselling goals.
33. Who is the founder of Cognitive Therapy?
A. Aaron Beck
B. Albert Ellis
C. Carl Jung
D. Erik Erikson
Answer: A. Aaron Beck
Explanation: Aaron Beck developed cognitive therapy, focusing on identifying and challenging cognitive distortions.
34. The Behavioral approach to counselling was shaped by:
A. Carl Rogers
B. B.F. Skinner
C. Carl Jung
D. Alfred Adler
Answer: B. B.F. Skinner
Explanation: Skinner contributed to the behavioral approach using operant conditioning techniques to shape behavior.
35. The founder of Analytical Psychology is:
A. Carl Jung
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Karen Horney
D. Erik Erikson
Answer: A. Carl Jung
Explanation: Jung’s analytical psychology focused on the collective unconscious and archetypes in personality and therapy.
36. Who used dream interpretation as a major tool in counselling?
A. Carl Rogers
B. Abraham Maslow
C. Sigmund Freud
D. Viktor Frankl
Answer: C. Sigmund Freud
Explanation: Freud believed dreams revealed unconscious desires and used them extensively in psychoanalysis.
37. Modelling as a counselling technique was emphasized by:
A. John Watson
B. Albert Bandura
C. Erik Erikson
D. Abraham Maslow
Answer: B. Albert Bandura
Explanation: Bandura used observational learning (modeling) in therapy and emphasized self-efficacy.
38. Existential counselling is rooted in the philosophy of:
A. Carl Jung
B. Jean-Paul Sartre
C. Viktor Frankl
D. John Watson
Answer: C. Viktor Frankl
Explanation: Existential counselling emphasizes meaning-making, freedom, and personal responsibility, as seen in Frankl’s work.
39. The directive counselling approach was developed by:
A. Carl Rogers
B. E.G. Williamson
C. Fritz Perls
D. Abraham Maslow
Answer: B. E.G. Williamson
Explanation: E.G. Williamson developed the directive or counselor-centered approach, focusing on structured guidance.
40. Reality Therapy, based on choice theory, was developed by:
A. William Glasser
B. Carl Rogers
C. Albert Ellis
D. Aaron Beck
Answer: A. William Glasser
Explanation: Glasser’s Reality Therapy focuses on personal responsibility and present behavior.