1. The causes which affect the variable gradually and permanently
A. Long-Term Causes
B. Shot-Term Causes
C. Either (a) or (b)
D. None of the above
2. The short-term causes can be
A. Regular
B. Irregular
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. Neither (a) nor (b)
3. A business cycle is composed of
A. Prosperity
B. Recession
C. Depression
D. All of the above
4. Examples of long-term causes include Increase in the rate of capital formation
A. Technological
B. Innovations
C. The introduction of automation
D. All of the above
5. Examples of seasonal causes include
A. Weather conditions
B. Business climate
C. Local customs and ceremonies
D. All of the above
6. The effect of long-term causes is reflected in the tendency of behaviour, to move in an upward or downward direction, termed as
A. Trend
B. Secular trend
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of the above
7. Irregular causes are also termed as
A. Erratic causes
B. Random causes
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. Neither (a) nor (b)
8. Components of time series include
A. Long term causes
B. Short term causes
C. Irregular causes
D. All of the above
9. Finding out the values for each of the components is called …………….. of a time series
A. Decomposition
B. Calculation
C. Composition
D. None of the above
10. Decomposition can be done by
A. Additive model
B. Multiplicative model
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of the above
11. In this method, the data is plotted on the graph paper, without the help of any numerical calculations; a free hand straight line is drawn ensuring that it through the middle of the entire graph of the time series
A. Free hand method
B. Method of Least Square
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. Neither (a) nor (b)
12. Least square method is also known as
A. Straight line method
B. Free hand method
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. Neither (a) and (b)
13. Which of the following statement is not true for free hand method?
A. It is the easiest and quickest method of estimating secular trend
B. A graph is drawn of the original data.
C. All researchers have same trend lines from the same data set
D. None of the above
14. Which condition must be satisfied in case of least square method?
A. Sum of (Y–Yc) = 0
B. Sum of (Y–Yc)2 = least
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of the above
15. In Yc = a + bx, Yc represents
A. The trend value of the time series variable y
B. The trend value at the point of origin
C. The amount by which the trend value changes per unit of time
D. None of the above
16. This model is based on the assumption that the four components are independent of one another.
A. Multiplicative Model
B. Additive Model
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of the above
17. Erratic variations are denoted by
A. E
B. T
C. I
D. S
18. In this model the values of the four components are expressed in the original units of measurement.
A. Additive Model
B. Multiplicative Model
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of the above
19. In this model, the original data or observed data ‘Y’ is the product of four component values
A. Multiplicative Model
B. Additive Model
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. None of the above
20. Before proceeding with the task of analyzing a time series data, it is necessary to do these adjustments in the raw data
A. Calendar variations
B. Price changes
C. Population changes
D. All of the above