Set 1: Growth and Development of the Child – Stages and Areas of Development (Physical, Cognitive, Social) till Adolescence
1. Which of the following statements best differentiates growth from development?
A. Growth is qualitative, development is quantitative
B. Growth includes emotional changes; development does not
C. Growth refers to physical changes; development includes all aspects
D. Development ends with adolescence, but growth continues
Answer: C
2. The cognitive development theory was proposed by:
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Jean Piaget
C. Erik Erikson
D. Sigmund Freud
Answer: B
3. In Erikson’s psychosocial theory, the major conflict faced during adolescence is:
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Trust vs. Mistrust
C. Industry vs. Inferiority
D. Identity vs. Role Confusion
Answer: D
4. Which of the following is a correct sequence of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?
A. Preoperational → Sensorimotor → Formal Operational → Concrete Operational
B. Sensorimotor → Preoperational → Concrete Operational → Formal Operational
C. Preoperational → Concrete Operational → Sensorimotor → Formal Operational
D. Sensorimotor → Concrete Operational → Preoperational → Formal Operational
Answer: B
5. During which developmental stage does abstract thinking primarily emerge according to Piaget?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Answer: D
6. Adolescents often experience rapid growth. This is an example of:
A. Cognitive development
B. Physical development
C. Emotional development
D. Social development
Answer: B
7. Social development primarily involves:
A. Neurological changes in the brain
B. Formation of social relationships and group behavior
C. Language acquisition
D. Hormonal changes
Answer: B
8. Which area of development is most influenced by peer relationships during adolescence?
A. Cognitive
B. Physical
C. Social
D. Emotional
Answer: C
9. Which developmental domain includes the ability to reason, remember, and solve problems?
A. Physical
B. Cognitive
C. Moral
D. Social
Answer: B
10. The key characteristic of the preoperational stage is:
A. Abstract reasoning
B. Egocentrism
C. Logical operations
D. Conservation of quantity
Answer: B
Intelligence – Concept and Two-Factor Theory
11. The term ‘intelligence’ is best defined as:
A. The ability to recall facts
B. The capacity to learn, reason, and solve problems
C. Memorizing and reproducing
D. Creative imagination only
Answer: B
12. Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence includes:
A. Fluid and crystallized intelligence
B. Multiple intelligences
C. General (g) and specific (s) factors
D. Interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence
Answer: C
13. In Spearman’s theory, the ‘g’ factor refers to:
A. Genetic potential
B. General intelligence applicable to all tasks
C. Gifted ability
D. Group intelligence
Answer: B
14. Specific factors in Spearman’s theory relate to:
A. Broad intelligence
B. Cultural intelligence
C. Intelligence in specific domains or tasks
D. Moral intelligence
Answer: C
15. Which psychologist is associated with the concept of multiple intelligences?
A. Alfred Binet
B. Lewis Terman
C. Charles Spearman
D. Howard Gardner
Answer: D
Personality – Concept and Trait Theory
16. The term “personality” refers to:
A. Physical appearance of a person
B. Totality of an individual’s behaviors, attitudes, and habits
C. Emotional stability only
D. Level of intelligence
Answer: B
17. The Trait Theory of Personality emphasizes:
A. Stages of development
B. Learned behavior patterns
C. Stable characteristics and tendencies
D. Subconscious motives
Answer: C
18. Who is most associated with Trait Theory in personality psychology?
A. B.F. Skinner
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Gordon Allport
D. Jean Piaget
Answer: C
19. Which of the following is not a “Big Five” personality trait?
A. Conscientiousness
B. Neuroticism
C. Sensitivity
D. Openness to experience
Answer: C
20. The Big Five model of personality includes:
A. Extroversion, Anxiety, Practicality, Selfishness, Control
B. Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
C. Ambition, Power, Emotion, Mood, Rationality
D. Humor, Pride, Self-control, Honesty, Intelligence
Answer: B
Set 2: Theories of Learning (Thorndike, Pavlov, Skinner, Gestalt)
21. Who is considered the founder of the connectionism theory of learning?
A. John Dewey
B. E.L. Thorndike
C. B.F. Skinner
D. Ivan Pavlov
Answer: B
22. Thorndike’s Law of Effect suggests that:
A. Learning occurs only through observation
B. Responses followed by satisfaction are more likely to recur
C. Intelligence is innate
D. Punishment is more effective than reward
Answer: B
23. Pavlov’s experiment on dogs demonstrated:
A. Operant conditioning
B. Observational learning
C. Classical conditioning
D. Trial and error learning
Answer: C
24. In Pavlov’s experiment, the bell was the:
A. Unconditioned stimulus
B. Conditioned stimulus
C. Unconditioned response
D. Conditioned response
Answer: B
25. B.F. Skinner is associated with which form of learning?
A. Insight learning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Operant conditioning
D. Cognitive learning
Answer: C
26. In operant conditioning, reinforcement is used to:
A. Punish undesired behavior
B. Increase the likelihood of a behavior
C. Reduce anxiety
D. Control instincts
Answer: B
27. Positive reinforcement means:
A. Giving a reward to increase behavior
B. Ignoring a behavior
C. Applying punishment
D. Removing an unpleasant stimulus
Answer: A
28. Thorndike’s connectionism emphasizes:
A. Classical conditioning
B. Operant reinforcement
C. Trial and error learning
D. Cognitive restructuring
Answer: C
29. The Gestalt theory emphasizes:
A. Behaviorism and stimulus-response
B. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts
C. Habit formation
D. Rewards and punishments
Answer: B
30. Which of the following best represents “insight learning”?
A. Gradual trial and error
B. Learning through conditioning
C. Sudden understanding of a problem
D. Habitual learning
Answer: C
31. Kohler’s experiment with chimpanzees is associated with:
A. Classical conditioning
B. Operant conditioning
C. Insight learning
D. Trial and error
Answer: C
32. In classical conditioning, the unconditioned response is:
A. A learned behavior
B. A voluntary behavior
C. A naturally occurring response
D. A reward-based behavior
Answer: C
33. Skinner used which of the following to demonstrate operant conditioning?
A. Maze
B. Mirror
C. Puzzle box
D. Skinner box
Answer: D
34. The Gestaltists opposed which school of psychology?
A. Structuralism
B. Behaviorism
C. Psychoanalysis
D. Functionalism
Answer: B
35. Which concept is NOT associated with Skinner?
A. Reinforcement
B. Punishment
C. Conditioned reflex
D. Operant response
Answer: C
Set 3: Factors Affecting Learning – Maturation, Interest, Motivation
36. Maturation is:
A. A conscious process
B. A social factor in learning
C. A biological process
D. A result of teaching
Answer: C
37. Which of the following is not essential for effective learning?
A. Motivation
B. Interest
C. Maturation
D. Memorization
Answer: D
38. Which factor is innate and sets limits for learning?
A. Environment
B. Maturation
C. Experience
D. Instruction
Answer: B
39. Motivation in learning helps by:
A. Limiting creativity
B. Disrupting attention
C. Creating curiosity and persistence
D. Reducing achievement
Answer: C
40. A teacher can best motivate students by:
A. Threatening punishment
B. Encouraging competition only
C. Creating interest in the subject
D. Avoiding questions
Answer: C
41. Which factor plays a key role in sustaining learning behavior?
A. Peer pressure
B. Immediate feedback
C. Maturation only
D. Inborn talent
Answer: B
42. Which of the following helps in developing intrinsic motivation?
A. External rewards
B. Repetition of tasks
C. Learner’s own interest and goal setting
D. Surveillance
Answer: C
43. In learning, maturation is considered a:
A. Secondary factor
B. Fundamental requirement
C. Temporary phase
D. Social phenomenon
Answer: B
44. According to behaviorists, interest is:
A. Innate quality
B. Developed through reinforcement
C. Irrelevant to learning
D. A result of heredity
Answer: B
45. Motivation arising from external rewards is known as:
A. Intrinsic motivation
B. Self-motivation
C. External inhibition
D. Extrinsic motivation
Answer: D
Set 4: Memory and Attention
46. The process of storing and retrieving information is known as:
A. Intelligence
B. Cognition
C. Memory
D. Perception
Answer: C
47. The first stage of memory is:
A. Long-term memory
B. Working memory
C. Short-term memory
D. Sensory memory
Answer: D
48. Working memory is associated with:
A. Conscious processing of current information
B. Automatic recall
C. Permanent memory
D. Forgetfulness
Answer: A
49. The technique of ‘chunking’ is used to improve:
A. Attention
B. Long-term memory
C. Short-term memory
D. Sensory memory
Answer: C
50. Forgetting is highest in:
A. Long-term memory
B. Short-term memory
C. Sensory memory
D. All of the above
Answer: C
51. Attention is best defined as:
A. The capacity to repeat an action
B. The focusing of mental resources
C. The act of understanding speech
D. The process of forgetting irrelevant data
Answer: B
52. Which of the following affects attention negatively?
A. Interest
B. Noise and distractions
C. Motivation
D. Task familiarity
Answer: B
53. Which type of memory has unlimited capacity?
A. Sensory memory
B. Short-term memory
C. Working memory
D. Long-term memory
Answer: D
54. The process of organizing and integrating information into long-term memory is called:
A. Chunking
B. Encoding
C. Decoding
D. Retrieval
Answer: B
55. Rehearsal enhances memory by:
A. Weakening associations
B. Strengthening recall and retention
C. Blocking sensory input
D. Dividing attention
Answer: B
Set 5: Psychological Foundations
56. Which of the following best supports learning readiness?
A. Peer competition
B. Rote learning
C. Appropriate maturation level
D. Immediate rewards
Answer: C
57. Learning becomes more effective when:
A. Students are passive listeners
B. The learner is interested and motivated
C. There is strict discipline
D. Only theoretical content is taught
Answer: B
58. Which of the following is not a cognitive factor in learning?
A. Perception
B. Motivation
C. Intelligence
D. Memory
Answer: B
59. The ability to recall previous experiences is called:
A. Imagination
B. Creativity
C. Memory
D. Cognition
Answer: C
60. Which of the following is not a factor influencing memory?
A. Interest
B. Motivation
C. Sleep
D. Skin color
Answer: D
61. What is the capacity of short-term memory, according to George Miller?
A. 7±2 items
B. 15±5 items
C. 10±1 items
D. 5±1 items
Answer: A
62. Flashbulb memory is associated with:
A. Long-term memory of routine events
B. Loss of memory due to illness
C. Vivid memory of emotionally significant events
D. Forgetting due to interference
Answer: C
63. Selective attention refers to:
A. Paying attention to all stimuli
B. Ignoring meaningful information
C. Focusing on a specific stimulus
D. Dividing attention between tasks
Answer: C
64. Interference theory of forgetting was proposed by:
A. Ebbinghaus
B. Pavlov
C. Skinner
D. Freud
Answer: A
65. What does the term ‘retroactive interference’ mean?
A. Past learning interfering with new
B. New learning interfering with old
C. Memory loss due to injury
D. Learning through punishment
Answer: B
66. According to Pavlov, the unconditioned stimulus is one that:
A. Requires training
B. Is neutral and meaningless
C. Naturally triggers a response
D. Comes after the conditioned stimulus
Answer: C
67. In Skinner’s theory, a behavior that is followed by a pleasant consequence is likely to be:
A. Punished
B. Extinguished
C. Weakened
D. Repeated
Answer: D
68. Who introduced the concept of reinforcement schedules?
A. Bandura
B. Thorndike
C. Skinner
D. Piaget
Answer: C
69. Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning?
A. A dog salivating at the sound of a bell
B. A student studying to avoid scolding
C. A child blinking due to dust
D. A person sneezing from allergy
Answer: B
70. Which schedule of reinforcement leads to slow extinction of behavior?
A. Continuous
B. Fixed ratio
C. Variable ratio
D. Fixed interval
Answer: C
71. Who introduced the concept of “Law of Readiness”?
A. Pavlov
B. Thorndike
C. Skinner
D. Watson
Answer: B
72. Which theory emphasizes sudden problem-solving rather than trial-and-error?
A. Operant conditioning
B. Classical conditioning
C. Insight theory
D. Connectionism
Answer: C
73. Who conducted the famous “Bobo Doll” experiment on observational learning?
A. Bandura
B. Piaget
C. Vygotsky
D. Skinner
Answer: A
74. In classical conditioning, extinction occurs when:
A. Reinforcement is frequent
B. The unconditioned stimulus is removed
C. Punishment is used
D. Habituation is overused
Answer: B
75. Habituation is best described as:
A. Learning through reinforcement
B. Increased attention to a stimulus
C. Decreased response to a repeated stimulus
D. Sudden insight into a problem
Answer: C
Set 6: Application-Based Questions (Integrating Concepts)
76. A student learns better through diagrams than through lectures. This reflects:
A. Logical-mathematical intelligence
B. Visual-spatial intelligence
C. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
D. Intrapersonal intelligence
Answer: B
77. The most effective way to promote attention in the classroom is:
A. Giving homework daily
B. Repetition of content
C. Using multimedia and student interest
D. Maintaining strict silence
Answer: C
78. Learning is considered permanent when:
A. It can be recalled and applied
B. It is memorized
C. It is repeated
D. It is recorded
Answer: A
79. Insight learning is mostly associated with:
A. Pavlov’s theory
B. Kohler’s experiment with apes
C. Skinner’s box
D. Bandura’s modeling
Answer: B
80. A child throws tantrums to gain attention. This is explained best by:
A. Operant conditioning
B. Cognitive theory
C. Insight learning
D. Maturation theory
Answer: A
81. An individual’s unique way of thinking, feeling, and behaving is known as:
A. Attitude
B. Personality
C. Character
D. Behavior
Answer: B
82. Which of the following can be both intrinsic and extrinsic?
A. Maturation
B. Interest
C. Punishment
D. Conditioning
Answer: B
83. An effective learning environment requires:
A. More rules
B. More punishment
C. Active engagement of learners
D. Limited feedback
Answer: C
84. In what stage of Piaget’s theory does conservation of number develop?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
Answer: C
85. A teacher notices that students remember information better when it’s connected to real-life examples. This supports:
A. Behaviorist view
B. Cognitive learning theory
C. Connectionism
D. Trait theory
Answer: B
86. Which psychologist studied memory by using nonsense syllables?
A. Skinner
B. Thorndike
C. Ebbinghaus
D. Piaget
Answer: C
87. The forgetting curve was introduced by:
A. William James
B. John Watson
C. Hermann Ebbinghaus
D. Pavlov
Answer: C
88. Which one of the following affects classroom learning the least?
A. Health of the learner
B. Teaching method
C. Intelligence level
D. Color of classroom walls
Answer: D
89. The internal state that arouses, directs, and sustains behavior is called:
A. Habit
B. Interest
C. Motivation
D. Emotion
Answer: C
90. Which of the following improves long-term memory retention?
A. Recitation
B. Interference
C. Guessing
D. Ignoring content
Answer: A
91. The tendency to learn best when moderately aroused is known as:
A. Yerkes-Dodson Law
B. Gestalt Law
C. Law of Readiness
D. Bandura’s Law
Answer: A
92. What is the primary cause of mental retardation?
A. Lack of schooling
B. Lack of motivation
C. Below average intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior
D. Physical disabilities
Answer: C
93. Trait theory of personality explains behavior in terms of:
A. Observable acts
B. Childhood experiences
C. Consistent characteristics
D. Reflexes
Answer: C
94. Which personality theorist identified cardinal, central, and secondary traits?
A. Allport
B. Cattell
C. Freud
D. Skinner
Answer: A
95. “S” factor in Spearman’s theory refers to:
A. Spatial intelligence
B. Shared intelligence
C. Specific intelligence for tasks
D. Social intelligence
Answer: C
96. Which of the following intelligence tests was first introduced for children?
A. WAIS
B. Binet-Simon Scale
C. Wechsler Preschool Scale
D. Raven’s Matrices
Answer: B
97. What does IQ stand for?
A. Intelligence Quotient
B. Ideal Questioning
C. Intelligent Qualifier
D. Intellectual Quality
Answer: A
98. Intelligence tests are considered reliable because they:
A. Always predict academic success
B. Give consistent results
C. Are easy to administer
D. Measure behavior
Answer: B
99. A child who has difficulty in attention and is very hyperactive might be diagnosed with:
A. Autism
B. ADHD
C. Intellectual Disability
D. Conduct Disorder
Answer: B
100. Which of the following is not a stage of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?
A. Formal operational
B. Sensory-motor
C. Pre-operational
D. Pre-maturity
Answer: D