Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS)
Introduction: Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) is a government initiative in India aimed at providing quality education to tribal children in remote and tribal-dominated areas. Launched in 1997 by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, EMRS focuses on improving the educational outcomes of tribal students by offering them access to holistic education, specialized teaching, and a […]
Skill India Mission
Introduction: Skill India Mission is a flagship program launched by the Government of India to empower the country’s youth by providing them with relevant and job-oriented skill training. Launched in 2015 under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), the mission aims to bridge the gap between the demand for skilled workforce and the […]
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Campaign
Introduction: Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao (BBBP) is a flagship campaign launched by the Government of India in 2015 with the aim of addressing the declining child sex ratio and promoting the education and empowerment of girls. The campaign focuses on raising awareness about the importance of the girl child, advocating for her survival, protection, and […]
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF)
Introduction: The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is a government initiative launched by the Ministry of Education (formerly known as the Ministry of Human Resource Development) in India. NIRF aims to assess and rank higher education institutions in the country based on various parameters, promoting healthy competition, encouraging excellence, and assisting students in making informed […]
Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)
Introduction: The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY) is a flagship initiative of the Government of India aimed at promoting skill development and providing employment-related training to the country’s youth. Launched in 2015, PMKVY focuses on enhancing the employability of individuals through skill training and certification in various sectors. This note provides an overview of […]
National Scholarship Portal (NSP)
Introduction: The National Scholarship Portal (NSP) is a digital platform launched by the Government of India to streamline and simplify the process of availing scholarships for students across the country. This online portal serves as a one-stop solution for students to apply for various scholarships offered by different government departments, ministries, and organizations. This note […]
Atal Tinkering Labs (ATL)
Introduction: Atal Tinkering Labs (ATL) is a flagship initiative of the Government of India that aims to foster creativity, innovation, and hands-on learning among school students. Launched in 2016 under the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM), ATLs are dedicated spaces within schools where students can explore, experiment, and develop practical solutions to real-world problems using technology […]
Digital Media for Education
Introduction: Digital media has become a powerful and transformative tool in the field of education, revolutionizing the way students learn and educators teach. It encompasses a wide range of technologies and platforms that facilitate interactive and engaging learning experiences, breaking down geographical barriers and providing access to diverse educational resources. This note provides an overview […]
Mid-Day Meal Scheme
Introduction: The Mid-Day Meal (MDM) Scheme is a significant government initiative in India aimed at providing nutritious meals to school children to enhance enrollment, attendance, and retention rates in schools. Launched in 1995, the scheme focuses on improving the nutritional status of children and promoting their overall health and education. This note provides an overview […]
Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat
Introduction: Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat is a government initiative in India that aims to improve the foundational literacy and numeracy skills of children at the primary level of education. Launched in 2014 as a sub-program under the broader Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), this initiative focuses on ensuring that children achieve grade-appropriate learning outcomes in reading […]
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
Introduction: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a prominent government program in India aimed at achieving universal elementary education. Launched in 2001, SSA is a flagship initiative that seeks to provide quality education to all children between the ages of 6 and 14, ensuring that they have access to education, irrespective of their socio-economic background. This […]
Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (UBA)
Introduction: Unnat Bharat Abhiyan (UBA) is a flagship government program in India aimed at bridging the gap between rural and urban areas by fostering comprehensive rural development and improving the quality of life in rural communities. Launched in 2014, UBA is an initiative that involves higher education institutions in the process of rural development, promoting […]
Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)
Introduction: Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) is a flagship government program in India aimed at transforming and improving the quality of higher education institutions across the country. Launched in 2013, RUSA focuses on enhancing access, equity, and excellence in higher education by providing financial support for infrastructure development, faculty improvement, and other critical components. This […]
Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA)
Introduction: Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) is a flagship government program in India focused on enhancing the quality of secondary education (classes 9 to 12) and increasing access to it. Launched in 2009, RMSA aims to bridge the gaps in secondary education infrastructure, curriculum development, and teacher training. This note provides an overview of the […]
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
Introduction: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a flagship government program in India aimed at achieving universal elementary education for all children between the ages of 6 and 14. Launched in 2001, SSA is a partnership between the central and state governments to ensure quality education, reduce drop-out rates, and promote equitable access to education across […]
Adult Education Programme
Introduction: Adult Education Programme (AEP) refers to educational initiatives designed to provide learning opportunities to adults, especially those who have missed out on formal education or need to enhance their skills and knowledge for personal development, employability, and active participation in society. Adult education programs are aimed at individuals above the age of formal schooling […]
National Literacy Mission (NLM)
Introduction: The National Literacy Mission (NLM) is a significant initiative undertaken by the Government of India to eradicate illiteracy and promote literacy across the country. Launched in 1988, NLM aims to empower individuals through education, enhance their quality of life, and contribute to the socioeconomic development of the nation. This note provides an overview of […]
National Library of Medicine (NLM)
Introduction: The National Library of Medicine (NLM) is a renowned institution located in the United States that serves as the world’s largest biomedical library. It is part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), which is a branch of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NLM plays a crucial role in advancing biomedical […]
SWAYAM Prabha
Introduction: SWAYAM Prabha is an initiative by the Government of India to provide high-quality educational content to learners across the country through free-to-air Direct-To-Home (DTH) television channels. Launched in 2017, SWAYAM Prabha aims to reach a wide audience, especially those who have limited access to the internet or formal education infrastructure. This note provides an […]
FOSSEE (Free and Open Source Software for Education)
Introduction: FOSSEE is a project initiated by the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, with the goal of promoting the adoption and use of free and open-source software (FOSS) in education and research. Launched in 2016, FOSSEE focuses on various domains, including engineering, science, mathematics, and more. This note provides an overview of FOSSEE, its […]
Gyan Vani
Introduction: Gyan Vani is an educational FM radio channel in India that focuses on disseminating educational content, information, and knowledge to a wide audience. Launched in 2001, Gyan Vani is an initiative by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) to promote lifelong learning and education through the medium of radio. This note provides an […]
Gyan Darshan
Introduction: Gyan Darshan is an educational television channel in India that aims to provide educational content to viewers across the country. Launched in 2000, Gyan Darshan is part of the Indian government’s efforts to promote distance education and reach a broader audience through the medium of television. This note provides an overview of Gyan Darshan, […]
Endnotes
Introduction: Endnotes are a form of citation and reference used in academic writing to provide additional information, explanations, or citations at the end of a chapter or the entire document. Unlike footnotes, which appear at the bottom of the same page where they are referenced, endnotes are collected at the end of the chapter or […]
Footnotes
Introduction: Footnotes are a widely used form of citation and reference in academic writing. They are explanatory notes or citations placed at the bottom of a page, separated from the main text by a horizontal line. Footnotes provide additional information, explanations, or citations for specific points made in the main text. This note explores the […]
DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
Introduction: A DOI, or Digital Object Identifier, is a unique alphanumeric string assigned to a digital object, such as a scholarly article, book, dataset, video, or any other online resource. The primary purpose of a DOI is to provide a permanent and standardized way to identify and access digital content on the internet. DOIs facilitate […]
ISSN (International Standard Serial Number)
Introduction: ISSN, or the International Standard Serial Number, is a unique identifier assigned to serial publications such as journals, magazines, newspapers, and other ongoing publications. The ISSN system facilitates the efficient management, retrieval, and identification of serials in libraries, databases, and information systems. This note provides an overview of ISSN, its purpose, structure, significance, and […]
ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
Introduction: ISBN, or the International Standard Book Number, is a unique identifier assigned to books and other monographic publications to facilitate efficient cataloging, distribution, and retrieval of books in libraries, bookstores, and other information systems. Each ISBN consists of a series of digits that provide essential information about the book’s edition, publisher, and title. This […]
DIKSHA
Introduction: DIKSHA is a national digital infrastructure for teachers, students, and parents in India, aimed at enhancing the quality of education through the integration of technology into the teaching and learning process. It is an initiative by the Government of India’s Ministry of Education (formerly known as the Ministry of Human Resource Development) to provide […]
Vidwan
Introduction: Vidwan is an online database of experts in various fields maintained by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) of the Government of India. The platform serves as a comprehensive directory of researchers, scientists, and experts across different domains, providing information about their qualifications, research areas, publications, and affiliations. This note provides an overview […]
Shodh Ganga
Introduction: Shodh Ganga is a digital repository platform developed by the Government of India’s Ministry of Education (formerly the Ministry of Human Resource Development) that provides access to electronic theses and dissertations (ETDs) submitted by research scholars in Indian universities. It serves as a comprehensive online resource for researchers, students, and academicians, offering a vast […]
ePG Pathshala
Introduction: ePG Pathshala is an initiative by the Government of India’s Ministry of Education (formerly known as the Ministry of Human Resource Development) to provide high-quality e-content for postgraduate courses across various disciplines. It aims to enhance the learning experience of students and educators by offering a wide range of digital resources, including video lectures, […]
eGyankosh
Introduction: eGyankosh is an online digital repository and learning platform developed by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) in India. It serves as a virtual learning environment that provides access to a wide range of educational resources, course materials, and study materials to students and learners associated with IGNOU. This note provides an overview […]
G7 (Group of Seven)
Introduction: The Group of Seven, often referred to as the G7, is an international economic forum consisting of seven major advanced economies. The G7 serves as a platform for discussions on global economic and financial issues, as well as broader political and security matters. The group comprises some of the world’s largest and most developed […]
Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE)
Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) refers to a comprehensive approach to the care, education, and holistic development of young children from birth to around eight years of age. ECCE recognizes the importance of the early years in a child’s life as a critical period for cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development. This note provides […]
G20 (Group of Twenty)
Introduction: The G20, or Group of Twenty, is an international forum that brings together the world’s major economies to discuss and address global economic and financial issues. Comprising 19 individual countries and the European Union, the G20 was established in response to the financial crises of the late 1990s as a platform for high-level discussions […]
E-Waste Management
Introduction: E-waste, or electronic waste, refers to discarded electronic and electrical equipment that has reached the end of its useful life. E-waste includes a wide range of items, from smartphones and computers to household appliances and electronic toys. E-waste management is crucial due to the environmental and health hazards posed by improper disposal of electronic […]
Waste Management
Introduction: Waste management is a crucial aspect of modern society that involves the collection, transportation, disposal, recycling, and treatment of waste materials generated by human activities. Proper waste management is essential to minimize environmental pollution, public health risks, and the depletion of natural resources. This note provides an overview of waste management, its importance, methods, […]
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
Introduction: The International Organization for Standardization, commonly known as ISO, is an independent international organization that develops and publishes standards to ensure quality, safety, and efficiency in various products, services, and systems. ISO standards provide a common framework that enables organizations and industries to operate effectively and consistently, promoting global interoperability and best practices. This […]
Quality Council of India (QCI)
Introduction: The Quality Council of India (QCI) is a premier organization in India that aims to promote and monitor quality standards across various sectors. It was established in 1997 as an autonomous body under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry. QCI works towards enhancing the quality […]
National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL)
Introduction: The National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) is a pioneering initiative in India that aims to provide high-quality online educational resources and courses in the field of engineering, science, technology, and related disciplines. NPTEL was conceived to enhance the quality of technical education and provide easy access to learning resources for students, educators, […]
Four Pillar of Education
Introduction: The “Four Pillars of Education” is a conceptual framework that was developed by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as a guiding principle for educational policies and practices. These pillars encompass the fundamental aspects that contribute to a holistic and well-rounded education. The concept was proposed in the Delors Report titled […]
National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT)
Introduction: The National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT) is a pioneering initiative undertaken by the Government of India to leverage technology for transforming the education sector. NMEICT aims to enhance the quality of education, provide equitable access to knowledge, and bridge the digital divide by integrating information and communication technology (ICT) […]
Public Accounts Committee (PAC)
Introduction: The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) is a significant parliamentary committee in India that plays a crucial role in overseeing the financial aspects of the government. Formed under the provisions of the Constitution of India, the PAC scrutinizes the utilization of public funds, ensures transparency, and holds the government accountable for its financial actions. This […]
National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT)
Introduction: The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is a quasi-judicial body established under the Companies Act, 2013, in India. It plays a crucial role in matters related to corporate law, insolvency, and company disputes. The establishment of the NCLT was a significant step towards streamlining corporate litigation and insolvency proceedings, ensuring a more efficient and […]
Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS)
The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) is a prominent Hindu nationalist organization in India that focuses on the promotion of cultural, social, and nationalist values. Founded in 1925 by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, the RSS has played a significant role in shaping India’s socio-political landscape. This note provides an overview of the RSS, its ideology, organizational structure, […]
National Service Scheme (NSS)
Introduction: The National Service Scheme (NSS) is a youth-oriented community service program aimed at fostering social responsibility, empathy, and active citizenship among young individuals. Established in India, NSS has become a powerful tool for engaging youth in various social and developmental activities. This note provides an overview of NSS, its objectives, structure, activities, and significance. […]
National Cadet Corps (NCC)
Introduction: The National Cadet Corps (NCC) is a youth organization that plays a pivotal role in grooming young individuals into responsible and disciplined citizens. Established in India, the NCC has been instrumental in inculcating values of patriotism, leadership, and social service among the youth. This note delves into the origins, objectives, structure, activities, and significance […]
POSH Act 2013
Introduction: The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013, commonly known as the POSH Act 2013, is a significant piece of legislation in India that addresses and aims to prevent sexual harassment of women at workplaces. The act was enacted to create a safe and harassment-free working environment for women […]
Feynman Techniques
Introduction: The Feynman Technique, named after physicist Richard Feynman, is a powerful method for learning and understanding complex concepts deeply. This technique involves breaking down complex ideas into simple explanations, enabling better comprehension and retention. It’s a valuable tool not only in scientific and academic contexts but also in various areas of learning and problem-solving. […]
Cattel Theory of Intelligence
Introduction: Raymond Cattell, a prominent psychologist in the 20th century, developed a comprehensive theory of intelligence known as the “Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence Theory.” Cattell’s theory introduces the distinction between two types of intelligence: fluid intelligence and crystallized intelligence, each of which plays a unique role in cognitive functioning and development. Fluid Intelligence: Fluid intelligence […]